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<p>Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) is the third most important cereal crop globally and India is the second largest producer after China. Rice root-knot nematode, <i>Meloidogyne graminicola</i>, is an emerging threat to rice cultivation in various rice-growing regions of the world. In India, this nematode was initially prevalent in upland rice, but during the last 20–30&#xa0;years the nematode has rapidly spread to deepwater and irrigated rice. <i>M.&#xa0;graminicola</i> induces terminal galls at the tip of lateral roots, characterized by spiral or hook-like shapes, which distinguishes it from other <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. <i>Meloidogyne graminicola</i> is considered the most important nematode pest of rice crops in India infecting field and nursery crops, causing a&#xa0;loss of $297.84 mio. in monetary terms, thus threatening food security. Nematicides are most frequently used by farmers to control <i>M.&#xa0;graminicola</i>. However, due to their hazardous impact, chemical controls are undesirable and non-chemical methods like organic amendments, host resistance and biological control are good alternatives for nematicides and can provide safe management of root-knot nematodes. In this review, we provide detailed information on the occurrence and prevalence of rice root-knot nematode with its biology, host range, economic impact and management.</p>

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Occurrence and Prevalence of Rice Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) in Upper Gangetic Plain of India and Its Management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月29日

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  • Ziaul Haque,
  • Faheem Ahamad,
  • Mohd Shahid Anwar Ansari,
  • Mujeebur Rahman Khan

摘要

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the third most important cereal crop globally and India is the second largest producer after China. Rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, is an emerging threat to rice cultivation in various rice-growing regions of the world. In India, this nematode was initially prevalent in upland rice, but during the last 20–30 years the nematode has rapidly spread to deepwater and irrigated rice. M. graminicola induces terminal galls at the tip of lateral roots, characterized by spiral or hook-like shapes, which distinguishes it from other Meloidogyne spp. Meloidogyne graminicola is considered the most important nematode pest of rice crops in India infecting field and nursery crops, causing a loss of $297.84 mio. in monetary terms, thus threatening food security. Nematicides are most frequently used by farmers to control M. graminicola. However, due to their hazardous impact, chemical controls are undesirable and non-chemical methods like organic amendments, host resistance and biological control are good alternatives for nematicides and can provide safe management of root-knot nematodes. In this review, we provide detailed information on the occurrence and prevalence of rice root-knot nematode with its biology, host range, economic impact and management.