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<p>Climate change poses escalating challenges to global agriculture, threatening the productivity of staple food, forage, and biofuel crops. Increasingly frequent droughts, erratic rainfall, and soil degradation underscore the urgent need for sustainable and adaptive agronomic strategies to enhance crop resilience. Among these, seed priming has emerged as a&#xa0;cost-effective and environment friendly physiological pre-germination technique that involves controlled imbibition of seeds, allowing metabolic activation without radicle emergence, followed by drying and storage until sowing. Sees priming improves germination, uniformity, seedling vigor, nutrient uptake, especially under abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity or low temperatures. By partially activating metabolic processes before germination, priming improves plant establishment, growth, and yield performance under suboptimal conditions. This review synthesizes current advancements in diverse seed priming approaches including hydropriming, osmopriming, hormopriming, biopriming, nanopriming, and polymer-based coating methods and elucidates their physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. These mechanisms involve osmotic adjustment, enhanced antioxidant defense, modulation of phytohormone balance, and activation of stress-responsive genes. Moreover, recent studies highlight the role of epigenetic regulation, such as histone H3K4me3 modification and DNA methylation, in establishing priming memory, enabling plants to respond more rapidly and efficiently to recurring stress. Integrating seed priming with modern agronomic and biotechnological innovations can significantly enhance crop productivity while reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers and water inputs, thereby promoting eco-friendly and resource-efficient farming. However, the optimization of priming conditions across different species, genotypes, and environmental contexts remains a&#xa0;critical challenge for large-scale application. Overall, seed priming represents a&#xa0;pivotal strategy for strengthening drought resilience and ensuring sustainable agricultural production under increasingly variable agro-ecological conditions. By bridging scientific understanding and field-level practices, seed priming holds immense potential to contribute to global food and nutritional security while supporting the transition toward climate-resilient and sustainable farming systems.</p>

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Seed Priming for Drought Tolerance: Mechanisms, Innovations, and Implications for Sustainable Agriculture

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Ram Baran Singh,
  • Aditi Taranath,
  • V. Priyadarshini,
  • Tanushree Maharana,
  • M. Bharath,
  • R. Ramachandra

摘要

Climate change poses escalating challenges to global agriculture, threatening the productivity of staple food, forage, and biofuel crops. Increasingly frequent droughts, erratic rainfall, and soil degradation underscore the urgent need for sustainable and adaptive agronomic strategies to enhance crop resilience. Among these, seed priming has emerged as a cost-effective and environment friendly physiological pre-germination technique that involves controlled imbibition of seeds, allowing metabolic activation without radicle emergence, followed by drying and storage until sowing. Sees priming improves germination, uniformity, seedling vigor, nutrient uptake, especially under abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity or low temperatures. By partially activating metabolic processes before germination, priming improves plant establishment, growth, and yield performance under suboptimal conditions. This review synthesizes current advancements in diverse seed priming approaches including hydropriming, osmopriming, hormopriming, biopriming, nanopriming, and polymer-based coating methods and elucidates their physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. These mechanisms involve osmotic adjustment, enhanced antioxidant defense, modulation of phytohormone balance, and activation of stress-responsive genes. Moreover, recent studies highlight the role of epigenetic regulation, such as histone H3K4me3 modification and DNA methylation, in establishing priming memory, enabling plants to respond more rapidly and efficiently to recurring stress. Integrating seed priming with modern agronomic and biotechnological innovations can significantly enhance crop productivity while reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers and water inputs, thereby promoting eco-friendly and resource-efficient farming. However, the optimization of priming conditions across different species, genotypes, and environmental contexts remains a critical challenge for large-scale application. Overall, seed priming represents a pivotal strategy for strengthening drought resilience and ensuring sustainable agricultural production under increasingly variable agro-ecological conditions. By bridging scientific understanding and field-level practices, seed priming holds immense potential to contribute to global food and nutritional security while supporting the transition toward climate-resilient and sustainable farming systems.