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<p>Root-knot nematodes (RKN) pose significant threats to cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>) production in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. A&#xa0;survey revealed the presence of <i>Meloidogyne incognita, M.&#xa0;javanica</i>, and <i>M.&#xa0;arenaria</i>, with <i>M.&#xa0;arenaria</i> being the most prevalent (36%), followed by <i>M.&#xa0;incognita</i> (13%) and <i>M.&#xa0;javanica</i> (9%). Molecular characterization based on large subunit (LSU) (28S) rRNA sequencing confirmed 100% similarity to existing NCBI sequences and phylogenetic analyses established distinct clades for Indian isolates. In resistance screening across 18&#xa0;cowpea varieties, RC-101 and VBN‑1 exhibited high resistance with mean gall counts of&#xa0;2 and reproduction factors &lt; 1, while Kashi Kanchan showed the highest susceptibility (108 galls, reproduction factor (RF) 8.6). Varieties like PL‑3, VBN‑3, and GC‑5 demonstrated moderate resistance (11–20 galls, RF 1.01–2.0), whereas tolerant varieties like GC‑6 and KBC‑2 displayed 21–30 galls and RF 2.01–3.0. Susceptible varieties suffered significant reductions in growth and yield parameters, with Kashi Kanchan exhibiting a&#xa0;35.5% reduction in dry weight and a&#xa0;37.2% decline in seed production. Application of <i>Artemisia absinthium</i> leaf powder mitigated RKN stress, significantly improving plant growth, nodule numbers, and reducing nematode populations. At doses of 20–25 g/kg soil, gall counts decreased to 15.53–17.21, reproduction factors to 1.05–1.25, and nematode populations to 2008–2188, compared to 94.47 galls, RF 7.81, and 16,704 nematodes in untreated plants. SEM and confocal microscopy confirmed restored root anatomy in treated plants, while GC-MS analysis identified bioactive compounds like sesquiterpenes and terpenes, supporting the nematicidal potential of <i>A.&#xa0;absinthium</i>. This study underscores the efficacy of <i>A.&#xa0;absinthium</i> leaf powder as an eco-friendly nematicide, highlighting its potential to enhance sustainable cowpea production.</p>

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Impact of Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne arenaria On Cowpea: Resistance Assessment and Eco-Friendly Management With Artemisia absinthium

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Mir Akhtar Hussain,
  • Aashaq H. Bhat,
  • Ghazala Parveen,
  • Farid S. Ataya

摘要

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) pose significant threats to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) production in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. A survey revealed the presence of Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, and M. arenaria, with M. arenaria being the most prevalent (36%), followed by M. incognita (13%) and M. javanica (9%). Molecular characterization based on large subunit (LSU) (28S) rRNA sequencing confirmed 100% similarity to existing NCBI sequences and phylogenetic analyses established distinct clades for Indian isolates. In resistance screening across 18 cowpea varieties, RC-101 and VBN‑1 exhibited high resistance with mean gall counts of 2 and reproduction factors < 1, while Kashi Kanchan showed the highest susceptibility (108 galls, reproduction factor (RF) 8.6). Varieties like PL‑3, VBN‑3, and GC‑5 demonstrated moderate resistance (11–20 galls, RF 1.01–2.0), whereas tolerant varieties like GC‑6 and KBC‑2 displayed 21–30 galls and RF 2.01–3.0. Susceptible varieties suffered significant reductions in growth and yield parameters, with Kashi Kanchan exhibiting a 35.5% reduction in dry weight and a 37.2% decline in seed production. Application of Artemisia absinthium leaf powder mitigated RKN stress, significantly improving plant growth, nodule numbers, and reducing nematode populations. At doses of 20–25 g/kg soil, gall counts decreased to 15.53–17.21, reproduction factors to 1.05–1.25, and nematode populations to 2008–2188, compared to 94.47 galls, RF 7.81, and 16,704 nematodes in untreated plants. SEM and confocal microscopy confirmed restored root anatomy in treated plants, while GC-MS analysis identified bioactive compounds like sesquiterpenes and terpenes, supporting the nematicidal potential of A. absinthium. This study underscores the efficacy of A. absinthium leaf powder as an eco-friendly nematicide, highlighting its potential to enhance sustainable cowpea production.