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<p>Glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide globally, but growing, health and environmental concernshave increased pressure to reduce its use. The experiments conducted in a&#xa0;greenhouse examined the effects of four adjuvants, coconut fatty acid diethanolamide (CDEA), sodium salt of fatty acids of coconut oil (SSFC), ammonium sulfate (AMS), and AMS + CDEA, on glyphosate effectiveness for controlling <i>Physalis divaricata</i>, an invasive weed species naturally tolerant to multiple herbicides. Dose-response experiments were conducted twice using seven glyphosate doses ranging from 0 up to 8200 g&#xa0;a.i.&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup>, with and without the adjuvants. Even at a&#xa0;dosage lower than 4100 g&#xa0;a.i.&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup>, glyphosate alone provided over 90% control of <i>P.&#xa0;divaricata</i>. The addition of adjuvants to glyphosate solutions enhanced its performance, allowing for lower doses to be used. AMS and AMS + CDEA mixture reduced ED<sub>50</sub> and ED<sub>90</sub> (effective doses reducing plant response by 50&#xa0;and 90%, respectively) of glyphosate by up to tenfold compared to glyphosate alone. Treatments containing AMS were better than the others, as AMS alone resulted in the lowest biomass, and AMS + CDEA caused the highest mortality. SSFC was less effective than AMS, CDEA, and AMS + CDEA. SSFC and AMS-containing treatments were also phytotoxic in the absence of glyphosate, strongly inhibiting biomass (ranging from 13&#xa0;to 43%) but not affecting <i>P.&#xa0;divaricata</i> mortality. Further studies are needed to clarify how these adjuvants enhance glyphosate efficacy and determine their utility on a&#xa0;broader range of weed species and under diverse environmental conditions.</p>

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Optimizing Glyphosate Efficacy and dose Reduction with Adjuvants for Ground Cherry (Physalis divaricata L.) Control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Faranak Mehrazin,
  • Eshagh Keshtkar,
  • Saeed Reza Yaghoobi,
  • Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli

摘要

Glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide globally, but growing, health and environmental concernshave increased pressure to reduce its use. The experiments conducted in a greenhouse examined the effects of four adjuvants, coconut fatty acid diethanolamide (CDEA), sodium salt of fatty acids of coconut oil (SSFC), ammonium sulfate (AMS), and AMS + CDEA, on glyphosate effectiveness for controlling Physalis divaricata, an invasive weed species naturally tolerant to multiple herbicides. Dose-response experiments were conducted twice using seven glyphosate doses ranging from 0 up to 8200 g a.i. ha−1, with and without the adjuvants. Even at a dosage lower than 4100 g a.i. ha−1, glyphosate alone provided over 90% control of P. divaricata. The addition of adjuvants to glyphosate solutions enhanced its performance, allowing for lower doses to be used. AMS and AMS + CDEA mixture reduced ED50 and ED90 (effective doses reducing plant response by 50 and 90%, respectively) of glyphosate by up to tenfold compared to glyphosate alone. Treatments containing AMS were better than the others, as AMS alone resulted in the lowest biomass, and AMS + CDEA caused the highest mortality. SSFC was less effective than AMS, CDEA, and AMS + CDEA. SSFC and AMS-containing treatments were also phytotoxic in the absence of glyphosate, strongly inhibiting biomass (ranging from 13 to 43%) but not affecting P. divaricata mortality. Further studies are needed to clarify how these adjuvants enhance glyphosate efficacy and determine their utility on a broader range of weed species and under diverse environmental conditions.