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<p>Sorghum anthracnose (SA) (<i>Colletotrichum sublineolum</i>) and leaf blight (LB) (<i>Exserohilum turcicum</i>) are major diseases that limit sorghum productivity. Field surveys were conducted in Southern Ethiopia from 2016 to 2020 to determine the spatiotemporal distribution and associations of SA and LB with cropping practices and agro-ecological factors. Data were collected using a&#xa0;stratified and multistage random sampling approach, and a&#xa0;total of 744 fields were examined over twelve districts. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations of the diseases with predictor variables. Findings showed a&#xa0;100% prevalence for SA and a&#xa0;91.40% prevalence for LB across districts over the years, with SA being more severe than LB. The association analyses revealed that altitude, tillage frequency, fertilization, growth stage, cropping system, preceding crop, and residue and weed management significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) influenced disease severity in both single- and multiple-variable models. However, some predictor variables acted independently in the models for each disease. High anthracnose (&gt; 60%) and leaf blight (&gt; 36%) severities were highly associated with high altitude, no/minimal tillage, farmer’s varieties, low fertilization, hard dough growth stage, broadcast planting, sole and ratoon cropping, use of farm-saved seed, rotating sorghum with sorghum, and poor residue and weed management. It is concluded that SA and LB are widely distributed and economically important, and their epidemic development is significantly associated with cropping practices and altitudinal ranges. Thus, proper tillage practices and fertilizations, practicing row intercropping or mixed cropping with non-host crops, residue and weed management, crop rotation, and use of improved varieties should be targeted to reduce the effects of the diseases and associated yield losses in sorghum.</p>

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Five Years Systematic Survey Conducted Across Twelve Locations Revealed Key Cropping Practices and Altitude are the Main Drivers of Epidemics of Anthracnose and Leaf Blight of Sorghum in Southern Ethiopia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月16日

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  • Getachew Gudero Mengesha,
  • Tessema Tesfaye Atumo,
  • Abu Jambo Yae,
  • Habtamu Terefe,
  • Asnake Abera Arato,
  • Geremew Biramo,
  • Shiferaw Mekonnen Abebe,
  • Tafese Altaye,
  • Meseret Turuko Suure,
  • Mihiretu Shirko Shamana,
  • Amare Girma

摘要

Sorghum anthracnose (SA) (Colletotrichum sublineolum) and leaf blight (LB) (Exserohilum turcicum) are major diseases that limit sorghum productivity. Field surveys were conducted in Southern Ethiopia from 2016 to 2020 to determine the spatiotemporal distribution and associations of SA and LB with cropping practices and agro-ecological factors. Data were collected using a stratified and multistage random sampling approach, and a total of 744 fields were examined over twelve districts. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations of the diseases with predictor variables. Findings showed a 100% prevalence for SA and a 91.40% prevalence for LB across districts over the years, with SA being more severe than LB. The association analyses revealed that altitude, tillage frequency, fertilization, growth stage, cropping system, preceding crop, and residue and weed management significantly (P < 0.001) influenced disease severity in both single- and multiple-variable models. However, some predictor variables acted independently in the models for each disease. High anthracnose (> 60%) and leaf blight (> 36%) severities were highly associated with high altitude, no/minimal tillage, farmer’s varieties, low fertilization, hard dough growth stage, broadcast planting, sole and ratoon cropping, use of farm-saved seed, rotating sorghum with sorghum, and poor residue and weed management. It is concluded that SA and LB are widely distributed and economically important, and their epidemic development is significantly associated with cropping practices and altitudinal ranges. Thus, proper tillage practices and fertilizations, practicing row intercropping or mixed cropping with non-host crops, residue and weed management, crop rotation, and use of improved varieties should be targeted to reduce the effects of the diseases and associated yield losses in sorghum.