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<p>Maize is one of the most significant and nutritional cereal crops in the world. Lepidopteran pests cause significant yield losses and affect crop quality of maize. In this study, we monitored three major lepidopteran pests in maize-growing fields in Düzce and Sakarya provinces of Türkiye by light traps, pheromone traps, and visual inspection to understand population dynamics during 2021 and 2022. <i>Ostrinia nubilalis, Helicoverpa armigera, </i>and <i>Mythimna unipuncta </i>were collected from April to October. Among these species, <i>O.&#xa0;nubilalis</i> emerged as the primary pest. The larvae of <i>O.&#xa0;nubilalis</i> reached their peak population from mid-August to early September in the first crop and from late August to mid-September in the second crop. Larvae of <i>H.&#xa0;armigera</i> peaked in the first crop from late July to early August, while in the second crop, they peaked from mid-September to the end of September. The larvae of <i>M.&#xa0;unipuncta</i> reached their peak population in the first crop from August, and in the second crop from mid-September to the end of September. We also tested releasing <i>Trichogramma evanescens</i> and <i>Bracon hebetor</i> in maize fields to assess their effectiveness in the biological control of these species. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in pest populations across fields and control treatments. <i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i> populations were effectively suppressed when <i>T.&#xa0;evanescens</i> was released alone (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) or in combination with <i>B.&#xa0;hebetor </i>(<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). However, the release of <i>T.&#xa0;evanescens</i> alone did not significantly reduce <i>H.&#xa0;armigera </i>populations, but its effectiveness increased when combined with <i>B.&#xa0;hebetor </i>(<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, neither parasitoid demonstrated significant efficacy in controlling <i>M.&#xa0;unipuncta </i>(<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). This study demonstrates the potential for targeted biological control strategies to manage <i>O.&#xa0;nubilalis</i> and <i>H.&#xa0;armigera</i> effectively.</p>

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Monitoring of Three Major Lepidopteran Pests and Inundative Releases of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and Bracon hebetor Say. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月23日

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  • Abdurrahman Sami Koca,
  • Gülay Kaçar

摘要

Maize is one of the most significant and nutritional cereal crops in the world. Lepidopteran pests cause significant yield losses and affect crop quality of maize. In this study, we monitored three major lepidopteran pests in maize-growing fields in Düzce and Sakarya provinces of Türkiye by light traps, pheromone traps, and visual inspection to understand population dynamics during 2021 and 2022. Ostrinia nubilalis, Helicoverpa armigera, and Mythimna unipuncta were collected from April to October. Among these species, O. nubilalis emerged as the primary pest. The larvae of O. nubilalis reached their peak population from mid-August to early September in the first crop and from late August to mid-September in the second crop. Larvae of H. armigera peaked in the first crop from late July to early August, while in the second crop, they peaked from mid-September to the end of September. The larvae of M. unipuncta reached their peak population in the first crop from August, and in the second crop from mid-September to the end of September. We also tested releasing Trichogramma evanescens and Bracon hebetor in maize fields to assess their effectiveness in the biological control of these species. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in pest populations across fields and control treatments. Ostrinia nubilalis populations were effectively suppressed when T. evanescens was released alone (P < 0.05) or in combination with B. hebetor (P < 0.05). However, the release of T. evanescens alone did not significantly reduce H. armigera populations, but its effectiveness increased when combined with B. hebetor (P < 0.05). On the other hand, neither parasitoid demonstrated significant efficacy in controlling M. unipuncta (P > 0.05). This study demonstrates the potential for targeted biological control strategies to manage O. nubilalis and H. armigera effectively.