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<p>Water scarcity, labor shortage, increasing costs, and greenhouse gas emissions have driven the shift from flooded rice system to direct-seeded rice (DSR). In DSR, severe weed infestation, particularly Asian sprangletop [<i>Leptochloa chinensis</i>&#xa0;(L.) Nees], poses significant economic threats. This annual, invasive, and noxious weed species spreads rapidly due to low seed dormancy and high seed output, invading rice systems worldwide. <i>Leptochloa chinensis</i> exhibits rapid growth, competing fiercely with rice through nodal roots and secondary tillers, causing up to 84% yield losses. It also&#xa0;s harbors various crop pests. This review highlights diverse control methods, including cultural, physical, allelopathic, and biological approaches, which have achieved varied success rates depending on initial infestation and crop establishment. Herbicides effectively control <i>L.&#xa0;chinensis</i>, but continuous use of similar mode of action (MOA), incorrect dosage, and timing have triggered herbicide-resistant biotypes. Newly introduced herbicides with different modes of action and mixtures provide effective control. An integrated weed management approach, combining cultural (higher seed rate, tillage, crop rotation, early flooding and narrow row spacing), biological, mechanical (tillage), and herbicide-based control methods (pre-and post-emergence herbicide package), offers a&#xa0;more effective and sustainable long-term solution for managing <i>L.&#xa0;chinensis</i>.</p>

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A Global Perspective on the Biology, Impacts and Management Options of Leptochloa chinensis, a Noxious Weed of Direct-seeded Rice—A Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月16日

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  • Muhammad Ishfaq,
  • Zarina Batool,
  • Usman Zulfiqar,
  • Muhammad Ahmad,
  • Fasih Ullah Haider,
  • Nasim Ahmed,
  • Saddam Hussain,
  • Shakeel Ahmed Anjum,
  • Nadeem Akbar

摘要

Water scarcity, labor shortage, increasing costs, and greenhouse gas emissions have driven the shift from flooded rice system to direct-seeded rice (DSR). In DSR, severe weed infestation, particularly Asian sprangletop [Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees], poses significant economic threats. This annual, invasive, and noxious weed species spreads rapidly due to low seed dormancy and high seed output, invading rice systems worldwide. Leptochloa chinensis exhibits rapid growth, competing fiercely with rice through nodal roots and secondary tillers, causing up to 84% yield losses. It also s harbors various crop pests. This review highlights diverse control methods, including cultural, physical, allelopathic, and biological approaches, which have achieved varied success rates depending on initial infestation and crop establishment. Herbicides effectively control L. chinensis, but continuous use of similar mode of action (MOA), incorrect dosage, and timing have triggered herbicide-resistant biotypes. Newly introduced herbicides with different modes of action and mixtures provide effective control. An integrated weed management approach, combining cultural (higher seed rate, tillage, crop rotation, early flooding and narrow row spacing), biological, mechanical (tillage), and herbicide-based control methods (pre-and post-emergence herbicide package), offers a more effective and sustainable long-term solution for managing L. chinensis.