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<p>The low available phosphorus (P) content in Chinese fir (<i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i>) is a significant limitation to their productivity. To investigate the effects of biochar addition on phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), P content, and P forms in the rhizosphere soil of <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i>, we conducted a plant pot experiment using acidic red soil from a second-generation <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> plantation in Nanping, Fujian, along with biochar produced at different temperatures and application rates. We first measured pH, phosphatase activity, and P fraction content in soils. Subsequently, we determined the sequences of PSB in the rhizosphere soil using the Illumina Miseq PE300 high-throughput sequencing platform to analyze their diversity, network structure, assembly processes, and relationships with various P fraction contents. Finally, we assessed the relationship between changes in P fraction content and the growth and health status of <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> seedlings.The results indicated that biochar addition significantly increased soil pH and the activity of rhizosphere PSB, thereby enhancing the P availability in the rhizosphere soil. The increase in P availability notably improved the photosynthetic rate and biomass of <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> seedlings. Biochar addition primarily enhances soil P availability by increasing soil pH, which reduces the fixation of P by iron and aluminum. The alpha diversity of PSB increased significantly, and the community structure changed markedly with biochar addition. The community assembly of PSB was mainly governed by deterministic processes, with the 3%B600 treatment enhancing deterministic assembly, while 1%B300, 3%B300, and 1%B600 significantly reduced it. PSB mainly increased P availability by secreting phosphatases to mineralize NaOH-Po and HCl-Po. The enhancement of P availability significantly promoted the growth and photosynthesis of <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> seedlings, with seedling growth and photosynthetic rates showing a strong positive correlation with NaOH-P content due to the transformation and mineralization of P by biochar and PSB. This study not only reveals the mechanisms of synergistic interactions between biochar and PSB but also provides for enhancing P availability in <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i>. It holds potential for broader application and has significant implications for sustainable forestry development and soil health maintenance.</p>

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Biochar enhances phosphate solubilization and growth in Cunninghamia lanceolata through altered microbial dynamics and phosphorus forms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Chuifan Zhou,
  • Xiaohong Guo,
  • Mingzhuo Bao,
  • Jiang Jiang

摘要

The low available phosphorus (P) content in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is a significant limitation to their productivity. To investigate the effects of biochar addition on phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), P content, and P forms in the rhizosphere soil of Cunninghamia lanceolata, we conducted a plant pot experiment using acidic red soil from a second-generation Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in Nanping, Fujian, along with biochar produced at different temperatures and application rates. We first measured pH, phosphatase activity, and P fraction content in soils. Subsequently, we determined the sequences of PSB in the rhizosphere soil using the Illumina Miseq PE300 high-throughput sequencing platform to analyze their diversity, network structure, assembly processes, and relationships with various P fraction contents. Finally, we assessed the relationship between changes in P fraction content and the growth and health status of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings.The results indicated that biochar addition significantly increased soil pH and the activity of rhizosphere PSB, thereby enhancing the P availability in the rhizosphere soil. The increase in P availability notably improved the photosynthetic rate and biomass of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings. Biochar addition primarily enhances soil P availability by increasing soil pH, which reduces the fixation of P by iron and aluminum. The alpha diversity of PSB increased significantly, and the community structure changed markedly with biochar addition. The community assembly of PSB was mainly governed by deterministic processes, with the 3%B600 treatment enhancing deterministic assembly, while 1%B300, 3%B300, and 1%B600 significantly reduced it. PSB mainly increased P availability by secreting phosphatases to mineralize NaOH-Po and HCl-Po. The enhancement of P availability significantly promoted the growth and photosynthesis of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings, with seedling growth and photosynthetic rates showing a strong positive correlation with NaOH-P content due to the transformation and mineralization of P by biochar and PSB. This study not only reveals the mechanisms of synergistic interactions between biochar and PSB but also provides for enhancing P availability in Cunninghamia lanceolata. It holds potential for broader application and has significant implications for sustainable forestry development and soil health maintenance.