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<p><i>Salix caprea</i> L. is an important colonizer of disturbed habitats including post-industrial and post-mining sites. In this study, we have described a lifecycle of <i>S. caprea</i> on sites after brown coal mining near Sokolov, Czech Republic. The variables studied were the following: seed production in relation to tree age, seed dispersal, seed establishment, mortality and survival. Seed production started from about six years of age, and peaked between 21 and 25 years of age. Over one and a half million of seeds per tree and year can be produced at the most productive age. Most of the seeds fly only few meters from the parent tree; with increasing distance from the mother tree, the number of seeds decreases exponentially. About 0.1% of seeds produced observable seedlings even on the site with suitable conditions. Seedling establishment depends on the quality of the substrate; it increases with substrate age as long as bare ground patches are available. Once the soil has been covered by litter and organic horizons, seed establishment decreases. Seedlings survival increased exponentially with age. Proportion of female to male trees was about two to one. Although <i>S. caprea</i> is a successful pioneer species that forms dense stands in post-mining landscapes, the seeds spread mainly over short distances. Long-distance dispersal is limited. Seed establishment is low and is limited by substrate quality on young sites and soil cover by litter and organic horizons on older sites, which leaves only a small window of opportunity for successful establishment.</p>

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Seed production, dispersion and tree mortality of Salix Caprea L. in early stages in unassisted post-mining sites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Erika Reitschmiedová,
  • Ondřej Mudrák,
  • Petr Dvorščík,
  • Jan Frouz

摘要

Salix caprea L. is an important colonizer of disturbed habitats including post-industrial and post-mining sites. In this study, we have described a lifecycle of S. caprea on sites after brown coal mining near Sokolov, Czech Republic. The variables studied were the following: seed production in relation to tree age, seed dispersal, seed establishment, mortality and survival. Seed production started from about six years of age, and peaked between 21 and 25 years of age. Over one and a half million of seeds per tree and year can be produced at the most productive age. Most of the seeds fly only few meters from the parent tree; with increasing distance from the mother tree, the number of seeds decreases exponentially. About 0.1% of seeds produced observable seedlings even on the site with suitable conditions. Seedling establishment depends on the quality of the substrate; it increases with substrate age as long as bare ground patches are available. Once the soil has been covered by litter and organic horizons, seed establishment decreases. Seedlings survival increased exponentially with age. Proportion of female to male trees was about two to one. Although S. caprea is a successful pioneer species that forms dense stands in post-mining landscapes, the seeds spread mainly over short distances. Long-distance dispersal is limited. Seed establishment is low and is limited by substrate quality on young sites and soil cover by litter and organic horizons on older sites, which leaves only a small window of opportunity for successful establishment.