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<p>Diversification in livelihoods is the most common strategy for better resilience, especially among marginalized and vulnerable social groups. Scheduled Tribes are considered a marginalized and backwards Indigenous social entity with limited access to resources and rely on primitive agriculture, farming, livestock, and daily wages, which triggered livelihood diversification. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the determinants and associations of livelihood diversification using a sample of 450 tribal households surveyed in the Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, following a multistage cluster random sampling method. Descriptive statistics and a chi-square test were applied for preliminary analyses. Furthermore, a multinomial logistic regression (MNLR) model was employed to identify the factors influencing and predicting the household’s decision to choose livelihood diversification. The results showed that 30.44% of households are engaged in agriculture, followed by 26.44% in off-farm, 22.67% in non-farm and 12% in combined livelihood. The MNLR model revealed that different tribal groups, agricultural land, loans/debt, self-help group (SHG) assistance and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) are significant predictors of off-farm livelihood. The sex of the household head, wealth index, and SHG assistance are positively associated with non-farm activities. On the other hand, tribal groups, migration, wealth index, and SHG assistance are found as major determinant factors in choosing a combined livelihood strategy. Therefore, the result of this study can be integrated into community-based policies, such as ensuring MGNREGA, agricultural incentives, and welfare schemes for sustainable and inclusive development for tribal communities.</p>

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Exploring the nexus between livelihood diversification and socio-demographic factors in tribal households: a cross-sectional study in eastern India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • Mriganka Dolui,
  • Sanjit Sarkar,
  • Moslem Hossain,
  • Harekrishna Manna

摘要

Diversification in livelihoods is the most common strategy for better resilience, especially among marginalized and vulnerable social groups. Scheduled Tribes are considered a marginalized and backwards Indigenous social entity with limited access to resources and rely on primitive agriculture, farming, livestock, and daily wages, which triggered livelihood diversification. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the determinants and associations of livelihood diversification using a sample of 450 tribal households surveyed in the Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, following a multistage cluster random sampling method. Descriptive statistics and a chi-square test were applied for preliminary analyses. Furthermore, a multinomial logistic regression (MNLR) model was employed to identify the factors influencing and predicting the household’s decision to choose livelihood diversification. The results showed that 30.44% of households are engaged in agriculture, followed by 26.44% in off-farm, 22.67% in non-farm and 12% in combined livelihood. The MNLR model revealed that different tribal groups, agricultural land, loans/debt, self-help group (SHG) assistance and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) are significant predictors of off-farm livelihood. The sex of the household head, wealth index, and SHG assistance are positively associated with non-farm activities. On the other hand, tribal groups, migration, wealth index, and SHG assistance are found as major determinant factors in choosing a combined livelihood strategy. Therefore, the result of this study can be integrated into community-based policies, such as ensuring MGNREGA, agricultural incentives, and welfare schemes for sustainable and inclusive development for tribal communities.