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<p>Rising atmospheric&#xa0;CO<sub>2</sub>&#xa0;([CO<sub>2</sub>]) may partly alleviate the drought stress that threatens forests worldwide. Plasticity of functional traits in response to drought and [CO<sub>2</sub>] may influence future plant performance. We analyzed the performance of seedlings of two Mediterranean pine species with close ecological niches, but different drought tolerance (<i>Pinus pinaster</i> is less drought-tolerant than <i>Pinus pinea</i>), under two [CO<sub>2</sub>] (380&#xa0;ppm vs 800&#xa0;ppm) and two watering regimes (well-watered vs water stressed; 75% vs 40% field capacity) for 161&#xa0;days. We quantified biomass allocation patterns, net photosynthetic rates (A<sub>n</sub>), stomatal conductance to water vapor (g<sub>wv</sub>), and water-use efficiency at plant (WUE) and leaf levels (intrinsic, WUEi). In both species, elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] increased total biomass, A<sub>n</sub>, WUE and WUEi, but reduced g<sub>wv</sub>. Most functional traits were similar between species with ample water but differed under water stress. Under water stress, <i>P. pinaster</i> had lower shoot:root ratios, A<sub>n</sub>, g<sub>wv</sub> and WUEi than <i>P. pinea</i>, but higher biomass when well-watered. Species’ WUE and WUEi responses to water stress differed. The effects of water stress on these traits were more negative under low [CO<sub>2</sub>]. Under enriched [CO<sub>2</sub>], functional leaf adjustments benefited the carbon budget of both species by stimulating higher A<sub>n</sub> despite lower g<sub>wv</sub>, particularly in <i>P. pinea</i>. Overall, <i>P. pinea</i> performed better under water stress than <i>P. pinaster</i>. This relative performance between species was not modified by elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>]. Thus, under future more arid climate and higher [CO<sub>2</sub>], <i>P. pinea</i> seedlings would be expected to maintain their relative competitive advantage over <i>P. pinaster</i>.</p>

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CO2 enrichment does not alter the relative physiological performance of seedlings of two close pine species under water stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月25日

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  • Macarena Férriz,
  • Ismael Aranda,
  • Guillermo Gea-Izquierdo,
  • Dario Martin-Benito

摘要

Rising atmospheric CO2 ([CO2]) may partly alleviate the drought stress that threatens forests worldwide. Plasticity of functional traits in response to drought and [CO2] may influence future plant performance. We analyzed the performance of seedlings of two Mediterranean pine species with close ecological niches, but different drought tolerance (Pinus pinaster is less drought-tolerant than Pinus pinea), under two [CO2] (380 ppm vs 800 ppm) and two watering regimes (well-watered vs water stressed; 75% vs 40% field capacity) for 161 days. We quantified biomass allocation patterns, net photosynthetic rates (An), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gwv), and water-use efficiency at plant (WUE) and leaf levels (intrinsic, WUEi). In both species, elevated [CO2] increased total biomass, An, WUE and WUEi, but reduced gwv. Most functional traits were similar between species with ample water but differed under water stress. Under water stress, P. pinaster had lower shoot:root ratios, An, gwv and WUEi than P. pinea, but higher biomass when well-watered. Species’ WUE and WUEi responses to water stress differed. The effects of water stress on these traits were more negative under low [CO2]. Under enriched [CO2], functional leaf adjustments benefited the carbon budget of both species by stimulating higher An despite lower gwv, particularly in P. pinea. Overall, P. pinea performed better under water stress than P. pinaster. This relative performance between species was not modified by elevated [CO2]. Thus, under future more arid climate and higher [CO2], P. pinea seedlings would be expected to maintain their relative competitive advantage over P. pinaster.