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<p>Carotenoids are a&#xa0;class of isoprenoid pigments that play important roles in plant physiology and contribute significantly to the nutritional and sensory (visual) quality of horticultural crops. During ripening and storage of horticultural crops, dynamic alterations in carotenoid content are observed, which are attributed to shifts in plastid differentiation, metabolic activity, and gene expression. This review summarizes recent advances in the biochemical and transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation, and accumulation of carotenoids during the ripening and storage of horticultural crops. Emphasis is placed on the regulation of key enzymes, transcription factors, and hormone-mediated signaling pathways that coordinate the metabolic flux of carotenoids. The developmental transition of chloroplasts to chromoplasts, a&#xa0;central process for sequestration of carotenoids, is discussed with respect to its effect on pigment stability and storage capacity. In addition, external factors (modified atmosphere storage, temperature, and exposure to light) that affect post-harvest carotenoid levels, such as alterations in metabolic activity and plastid integrity, are also highlighted. By integrating developmental and post-harvest perspectives, the review provides a&#xa0;consolidated understanding of the regulatory networks that shape carotenoid composition in horticultural crops. These insights may support the development of strategies to improve pigment retention, overall post-harvest quality, and nutritional value.</p> Graphic abstract <p></p>

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Regulation of Carotenogenic Pathways During Ripening and Storage in Horticultural Crops: A Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Poonam Choudhary,
  • Manisha Bhandari,
  • Narsaiah Kairam,
  • Sandeep Mann

摘要

Carotenoids are a class of isoprenoid pigments that play important roles in plant physiology and contribute significantly to the nutritional and sensory (visual) quality of horticultural crops. During ripening and storage of horticultural crops, dynamic alterations in carotenoid content are observed, which are attributed to shifts in plastid differentiation, metabolic activity, and gene expression. This review summarizes recent advances in the biochemical and transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation, and accumulation of carotenoids during the ripening and storage of horticultural crops. Emphasis is placed on the regulation of key enzymes, transcription factors, and hormone-mediated signaling pathways that coordinate the metabolic flux of carotenoids. The developmental transition of chloroplasts to chromoplasts, a central process for sequestration of carotenoids, is discussed with respect to its effect on pigment stability and storage capacity. In addition, external factors (modified atmosphere storage, temperature, and exposure to light) that affect post-harvest carotenoid levels, such as alterations in metabolic activity and plastid integrity, are also highlighted. By integrating developmental and post-harvest perspectives, the review provides a consolidated understanding of the regulatory networks that shape carotenoid composition in horticultural crops. These insights may support the development of strategies to improve pigment retention, overall post-harvest quality, and nutritional value.

Graphic abstract