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<p>Fruit cracking is a&#xa0;major physiological disorder in litchi (<i>Litchi chinensis</i> Sonn.) causing significant yield losses (5–90%), particularly under conditions of high temperature (35–40 °C) and low relative humidity (~60%). The disorder results from complex interactions among genetic, physiological, environmental, and nutritional factors, primarily due to an imbalance between rapid aril expansion (turgor pressure) and limited pericarp strength. Cracking may occur as longitudinal or horizontal splits and varies with cultivar and environmental conditions. Effective management requires an integrated approach, including maintenance of uniform soil moisture through irrigation and mulching, use of micronutrients (calcium, boron, zinc), application of growth regulators, and adoption of protective measures such as fruit bagging and shading. The cultivar ‘Shahi’ is highly susceptible, whereas ‘China’ is tolerant and ‘Gandaki Lalima’ is highly tolerant. Selection of tolerant cultivars and improved orchard management practices are essential to minimize losses under changing climatic conditions.</p>

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Fruit Cracking in Litchi Under Changing Climatic Conditions: Causes, Mechanisms, and Mitigation Strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Amrutrao H. Patil,
  • Balasaheb Purane,
  • Govind Shiurkar,
  • Deepak Singh,
  • N. R. Rangare,
  • Vijay Bagare,
  • Priyanka Dubey

摘要

Fruit cracking is a major physiological disorder in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) causing significant yield losses (5–90%), particularly under conditions of high temperature (35–40 °C) and low relative humidity (~60%). The disorder results from complex interactions among genetic, physiological, environmental, and nutritional factors, primarily due to an imbalance between rapid aril expansion (turgor pressure) and limited pericarp strength. Cracking may occur as longitudinal or horizontal splits and varies with cultivar and environmental conditions. Effective management requires an integrated approach, including maintenance of uniform soil moisture through irrigation and mulching, use of micronutrients (calcium, boron, zinc), application of growth regulators, and adoption of protective measures such as fruit bagging and shading. The cultivar ‘Shahi’ is highly susceptible, whereas ‘China’ is tolerant and ‘Gandaki Lalima’ is highly tolerant. Selection of tolerant cultivars and improved orchard management practices are essential to minimize losses under changing climatic conditions.