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<p><i>Conopomorpha sinensis</i> Bradley is a&#xa0;major lepidopteran pest responsible for substantial yield losses in litchi (<i>Litchi chinensis </i>Sonn.) production across India and worldwide. This study presents comprehensive insights into the morphometric traits, molecular identification, and phylogenetic positioning of <i>C.&#xa0;sinensis</i>. Detailed morphological examinations confirmed that the species infesting litchi orchards in Punjab is indeed <i>C.&#xa0;sinensis.</i> Molecular analyses conducted on specimens collected from 19&#xa0;locations across 10&#xa0;litchi-producing states further validated the species identity and confirmed that <i>C.&#xa0;sinensis</i> is the only member of the genus <i>Conopomorpha</i> causing notable damage to litchi fruits in India. Additionally, clear sexual dimorphism was observed in both pupal and adult stages. Population genetics analyses based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit&#xa0;I sequences revealed 27&#xa0;haplotypes across four populations. The North and East India groups exhibited the highest haplotype richness and diversity (Hd = 1.000), with East India showing greater nucleotide diversity (π = 1.333) due to more divergent haplotypes. By contrast, South India and International populations displayed conserved sequences (π = 0.000). Neutrality tests indicated signals of population expansion in North India (negative Tajima’s&#xa0;D and strongly negative Fu’s Fs), while analysis of molecular variance showed that most genetic variation (93.64%) occurred within populations, with weak and nonsignificant differentiation among regions (FST = 0.0636). These findings highlight the low genetic structuring and possible recent expansion of <i>C.&#xa0;sinensis</i> populations in India.</p>

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Comprehensive Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on Litchi (Litchi chinensis) from India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Masrat Siraj,
  • Sandeep Singh,
  • Vikas Jindal,
  • Rajwinder Kaur Sandhu,
  • P. R. Shashank,
  • Aayush Kaushal,
  • Guranshpaul Singh,
  • Sumanjit Kaur,
  • Poonam Srivastava,
  • Anamika Kar,
  • Jaipal Singh Choudhary,
  • M. K. Dhakar,
  • Sunil Kumar,
  • A. T. Rani,
  • C. S. Maiti,
  • Parshant Bakshi,
  • Vishav Gaurav Singh Chandel,
  • Prakash Patil

摘要

Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley is a major lepidopteran pest responsible for substantial yield losses in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) production across India and worldwide. This study presents comprehensive insights into the morphometric traits, molecular identification, and phylogenetic positioning of C. sinensis. Detailed morphological examinations confirmed that the species infesting litchi orchards in Punjab is indeed C. sinensis. Molecular analyses conducted on specimens collected from 19 locations across 10 litchi-producing states further validated the species identity and confirmed that C. sinensis is the only member of the genus Conopomorpha causing notable damage to litchi fruits in India. Additionally, clear sexual dimorphism was observed in both pupal and adult stages. Population genetics analyses based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences revealed 27 haplotypes across four populations. The North and East India groups exhibited the highest haplotype richness and diversity (Hd = 1.000), with East India showing greater nucleotide diversity (π = 1.333) due to more divergent haplotypes. By contrast, South India and International populations displayed conserved sequences (π = 0.000). Neutrality tests indicated signals of population expansion in North India (negative Tajima’s D and strongly negative Fu’s Fs), while analysis of molecular variance showed that most genetic variation (93.64%) occurred within populations, with weak and nonsignificant differentiation among regions (FST = 0.0636). These findings highlight the low genetic structuring and possible recent expansion of C. sinensis populations in India.