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<p>This study was conducted to determine the effect of microbial fertilizer treatments (<i>Azotobacter salinesteris </i>CECT9690 and <i>Bacillus qingshengii</i> CB20052) on the nut quality traits of the ‘Çakıldak’ hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i>&#xa0;L.) cultivar grown in Kaynarca (Sakarya) district in 2024 and 2025. In the treated ‘ocaks’ (multi-stemmed bushes), nut traits and bioactive compounds were examined. The highest nut weight, kernel weight, and kernel ratio were determined in the <i>Azotobacter salinesteris</i> CECT9690 treatment, while the lowest in the control. <i>Bacillus qingshengii</i> CB20052 had the largest nut size, while <i>Azotobacter salinesteris</i> CECT9690 had the largest kernel size. The highest total phenolics were found in the <i>Bacillus qingshengii</i> CB20052 treatment, and the lowest in the <i>Azotobacter salinesteris</i> CECT9690 treatment. The highest total flavonoids were recorded in the <i>Bacillus qingshengii</i> CB20052 treatment, while the lowest in the <i>Azotobacter salinesteris</i> CECT9690 + <i>Bacillus qingshengii</i> CB20052 combination. According to the DPPH test, <i>Bacillus qingshengii</i> CB20052 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, whereas the <i>Azotobacter salinesteris</i> CECT9690 + <i>Bacillus qingshengii</i> CB20052 combination exhibited the lowest. In the FRAP test, the highest antioxidant activity was determined in the <i>Azotobacter salinesteris</i> CECT9690 + <i>Bacillus qingshengii</i> CB20052 combination while the lowest in the <i>Bacillus qingshengii</i> CB20052 treatment. The principal component analysis revealed that the first two components explained 85.1% of the data, with <i>Azotobacter salinesteris</i> CECT9690 and the <i>Azotobacter salinesteris </i>CECT9690 + <i>Bacillus qingshengii</i> CB20052 combination standing out in terms of many of the investigated traits. In conclusion, the <i>Azotobacter salinesteris</i> CECT9690 treatment had a&#xa0;significant improvement in terms of nut traits in the ‘Çakıldak’hazelnut cultivar, while the <i>Bacillus qingshengii</i> CB20052 treatment showed higher levels in terms of bioactive compounds. These results showed that microbial fertilisers increases the nut quality in hazelnut.</p>

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Microbial Fertilizers Enhance Nut Traits and Bioactive Compounds in the ‘Çakıldak’ Hazelnut Cultivar

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Muhammed Furkan Selamet,
  • Orhan Karakaya,
  • Mehmet Fikret Balta

摘要

This study was conducted to determine the effect of microbial fertilizer treatments (Azotobacter salinesteris CECT9690 and Bacillus qingshengii CB20052) on the nut quality traits of the ‘Çakıldak’ hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivar grown in Kaynarca (Sakarya) district in 2024 and 2025. In the treated ‘ocaks’ (multi-stemmed bushes), nut traits and bioactive compounds were examined. The highest nut weight, kernel weight, and kernel ratio were determined in the Azotobacter salinesteris CECT9690 treatment, while the lowest in the control. Bacillus qingshengii CB20052 had the largest nut size, while Azotobacter salinesteris CECT9690 had the largest kernel size. The highest total phenolics were found in the Bacillus qingshengii CB20052 treatment, and the lowest in the Azotobacter salinesteris CECT9690 treatment. The highest total flavonoids were recorded in the Bacillus qingshengii CB20052 treatment, while the lowest in the Azotobacter salinesteris CECT9690 + Bacillus qingshengii CB20052 combination. According to the DPPH test, Bacillus qingshengii CB20052 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, whereas the Azotobacter salinesteris CECT9690 + Bacillus qingshengii CB20052 combination exhibited the lowest. In the FRAP test, the highest antioxidant activity was determined in the Azotobacter salinesteris CECT9690 + Bacillus qingshengii CB20052 combination while the lowest in the Bacillus qingshengii CB20052 treatment. The principal component analysis revealed that the first two components explained 85.1% of the data, with Azotobacter salinesteris CECT9690 and the Azotobacter salinesteris CECT9690 + Bacillus qingshengii CB20052 combination standing out in terms of many of the investigated traits. In conclusion, the Azotobacter salinesteris CECT9690 treatment had a significant improvement in terms of nut traits in the ‘Çakıldak’hazelnut cultivar, while the Bacillus qingshengii CB20052 treatment showed higher levels in terms of bioactive compounds. These results showed that microbial fertilisers increases the nut quality in hazelnut.