Energy Use Efficiency and Economical Analysis of Walnut Production: A Case Study in Bingöl Province, Türkiye
摘要
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the energy use efficiency of walnut production in Bingöl Province, Türkiye. Data were obtained from face-to-face surveys conducted with 134 walnut producers in 2024. Economic analysis showed that variable and fixed costs were 511.3 $/ha−1 and 327.3 $/ha−1, respectively, resulting in a total production cost of 838.5 $/ha. The unit production cost was 0.61 $/kg, while the average sales price was 3.12 $/kg. The gross production value was 4256.6 $/ha−1, with a gross profit of 3745 $/ha−1 and a net profit of 3418 $/ha−1. The benefit-cost ratio (4.46) indicates that walnut production is highly profitable. Energy analysis revealed a yield of 2900.42 kg ha⁻1, total energy input of 13,765.24 MJ ha⁻1, and energy output of 51,019.88 MJ ha⁻1, resulting in an energy use efficiency of 3.70. Specific energy, energy productivity, and net energy were calculated as 4.74 MJ kg⁻1, 0.21 kg MJ⁻1, and 37.254,64 MJ ha⁻1, respectively. Of the total energy inputs, 41.22% were direct and 58.78% indirect, while 14.56% were renewable and 85.44% non-renewable. These results indicate that walnut production in Bingöl is both economically profitable and energy-efficient.