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<p>This study was conducted to isolate, identify, and determine the pathogenicity of <i>Pseudomonas savastanoi </i>pv. <i>savastanoi</i>, the causal agent of olive knot disease, which is commonly observed in olive-growing regions of the Kahramanmaraş, Gaziantep, and Kilis provinces in Türkiye. Field surveys were carried out between June and August using a&#xa0;random sampling method. A&#xa0;total of 268 bacterial isolates were isolated from symptomatic olive, jasmine (<i>Jasminum</i> sp.), and oleander (<i>Nerium oleander</i>&#xa0;L<i>.</i>) plants exhibiting typical knot symptoms. The pathogenicity of the isolates was evaluated through hypersensitive reaction (HR) tests <i>on Nicotiana tabacum</i> cv. ‘Samsun’ and inoculation assays on 1‑year-old olive saplings. Of the 143 isolates subjected to HR testing, 103 yielded a&#xa0;positive reaction. In inoculation tests on olive saplings, all 43 tested isolates produced tumors of varying diameters, with the smallest (5.5 mm) observed in isolate NZ85‑2 and the largest (17 mm) in isolate NZ24-5a. In addition to morphological, physiological, and biochemical assays, identification of the isolates was supported by the Biolog GEN&#xa0;III Microbial Identification System and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. All isolates exhibited a&#xa0;(− − − − +) reaction pattern in LOPAT tests, indicating their classification within the LOPAT 1b group. Among the 12&#xa0;isolates analyzed using the Biolog system, 11 were identified as <i>P.&#xa0;savastanoi </i>pv. <i>nerii</i> and one as <i>P.&#xa0;savastanoi </i>pv<i>. fraxini</i>. Molecular confirmation was achieved via PCR using IAALF (Indolacetic acid lysine forward) and IAALR (Indonacetic acid lysine reverse) primers, which amplified a&#xa0;specific 454-bp fragment in all 26 pathogenic isolates tested.</p>

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Surveillance and Diagnosis of Olive Knot Disease Caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi Pv. savastanoi in the Olive-Growing Regions of Kahramanmaraş, Gaziantep, and Kilis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Nur Sivri,
  • Mustafa Küsek

摘要

This study was conducted to isolate, identify, and determine the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, the causal agent of olive knot disease, which is commonly observed in olive-growing regions of the Kahramanmaraş, Gaziantep, and Kilis provinces in Türkiye. Field surveys were carried out between June and August using a random sampling method. A total of 268 bacterial isolates were isolated from symptomatic olive, jasmine (Jasminum sp.), and oleander (Nerium oleander L.) plants exhibiting typical knot symptoms. The pathogenicity of the isolates was evaluated through hypersensitive reaction (HR) tests on Nicotiana tabacum cv. ‘Samsun’ and inoculation assays on 1‑year-old olive saplings. Of the 143 isolates subjected to HR testing, 103 yielded a positive reaction. In inoculation tests on olive saplings, all 43 tested isolates produced tumors of varying diameters, with the smallest (5.5 mm) observed in isolate NZ85‑2 and the largest (17 mm) in isolate NZ24-5a. In addition to morphological, physiological, and biochemical assays, identification of the isolates was supported by the Biolog GEN III Microbial Identification System and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. All isolates exhibited a (− − − − +) reaction pattern in LOPAT tests, indicating their classification within the LOPAT 1b group. Among the 12 isolates analyzed using the Biolog system, 11 were identified as P. savastanoi pv. nerii and one as P. savastanoi pv. fraxini. Molecular confirmation was achieved via PCR using IAALF (Indolacetic acid lysine forward) and IAALR (Indonacetic acid lysine reverse) primers, which amplified a specific 454-bp fragment in all 26 pathogenic isolates tested.