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<p>Understanding mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i>&#xa0;L<i>.</i>) phenology is essential for improving flowering and fruiting efficiency in the sub-Himalayan subtropics, a&#xa0;region where variable climatic conditions often disrupt crop performance. This study evaluated the temporal dynamics of vegetative and reproductive growth in four cultivars, ‘Amrapali,’ ‘Mallika,’ ‘D-51,’ and ‘Chausa,’ over two consecutive years at the experimental orchards of Dr. YSP University of Horticulture and Forestry, India. The research focused on key developmental milestones, including vegetative flushing, cessation of shoot growth, panicle initiation, peak bloom, and fruit maturity. Observations were systematically recorded at defined intervals, and statistical analyses were performed to determine how the timing of these events influenced flowering, fruit set, and yield outcomes. The findings revealed clear varietal differences in vegetative flushing frequency and intensity. ‘Amrapali’ and ‘Mallika’ displayed comparatively higher flushing cycles, whereas ‘D-51’ and ‘Chausa’ showed fewer but more synchronized growth phases. Early shoot flushing followed by timely growth arrest was strongly associated with enhanced panicle initiation and higher flowering potential, ultimately improving fruit set and harvest yield. By contrast, delayed phenological transitions extended vegetative growth periods and suppressed reproductive efficiency. Among the studied cultivars, ‘D-51’ was the earliest to initiate flushing and panicle emergence, leading to an earlier harvest window, while ‘Amrapali’ was the latest, extending its crop cycle. Overall, the study underscores the importance of synchronizing vegetative and reproductive phases for sustainable mango production. By strategically managing phenological timing, growers can optimize resource utilization, stabilize yields, and enhance profitability under the challenging agroclimatic conditions of the sub-Himalayan subtropics.</p>

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Effect of Anachronic Phenology on Vegetative Flushing, Flowering, and Fruiting Behavior of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Varieties in the Sub-Himalayan Subtropics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Shashi Kumar Sharma,
  • Eby Joseph Kochithara

摘要

Understanding mango (Mangifera indica L.) phenology is essential for improving flowering and fruiting efficiency in the sub-Himalayan subtropics, a region where variable climatic conditions often disrupt crop performance. This study evaluated the temporal dynamics of vegetative and reproductive growth in four cultivars, ‘Amrapali,’ ‘Mallika,’ ‘D-51,’ and ‘Chausa,’ over two consecutive years at the experimental orchards of Dr. YSP University of Horticulture and Forestry, India. The research focused on key developmental milestones, including vegetative flushing, cessation of shoot growth, panicle initiation, peak bloom, and fruit maturity. Observations were systematically recorded at defined intervals, and statistical analyses were performed to determine how the timing of these events influenced flowering, fruit set, and yield outcomes. The findings revealed clear varietal differences in vegetative flushing frequency and intensity. ‘Amrapali’ and ‘Mallika’ displayed comparatively higher flushing cycles, whereas ‘D-51’ and ‘Chausa’ showed fewer but more synchronized growth phases. Early shoot flushing followed by timely growth arrest was strongly associated with enhanced panicle initiation and higher flowering potential, ultimately improving fruit set and harvest yield. By contrast, delayed phenological transitions extended vegetative growth periods and suppressed reproductive efficiency. Among the studied cultivars, ‘D-51’ was the earliest to initiate flushing and panicle emergence, leading to an earlier harvest window, while ‘Amrapali’ was the latest, extending its crop cycle. Overall, the study underscores the importance of synchronizing vegetative and reproductive phases for sustainable mango production. By strategically managing phenological timing, growers can optimize resource utilization, stabilize yields, and enhance profitability under the challenging agroclimatic conditions of the sub-Himalayan subtropics.