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<p>Perennial species such as apple have high nutrient requirements to sustain their continuous biomass development. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has become a&#xa0;concern due to nutrient losses and low nutrient-use efficiency. Nano-fertilizers, particularly nano-NPK, have been proposed as alternatives to conventional fertilizers to enhance nutrient-use efficiency. A&#xa0;2-year field study was conducted on apple cv. ‘Super Chief’ under high-density planting to evaluate whether foliar nano-NPK can fulfil the plant’s nutrient demand in the absence of soil-applied fertilizers. Treatments included three concentrations of nano-NPK (250, 500 and 750 ppm) applied either alone or in combination with 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (RDCF), along with an absolute control. Pooled results over two seasons revealed that 750 ppm nano-NPK + 75% RDCF significantly improved fruit length, fruit breadth, fruit weight, fruit volume, firmness, total soluble solids and total sugars by 18.69%, 22.28%, 46.72%, 45.64%, 62.68%, 61.34% and 34.11%, respectively, compared to the absolute control. This treatment not only enhanced fruit quality but also enabled a&#xa0;25% reduction in soil-applied fertilizers. However, sole foliar nano-NPK application did not provide adequate nutrient supply to sustain optimal fruit growth and quality, resulting in inferior fruit quality. Thus, the study concludes that combined application of 750 ppm nano-NPK + 75% RDCF is the most effective in improving the physico-chemical attributes of ‘Super Chief’ apple under high-density plantation.</p>

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Evaluation of Nano-NPK Fertilizers on Fruit Quality of Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) Cv. ‘Super Chief’ Under High-Density Plantation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Sahil Thakur,
  • Rajesh Kaushal,
  • N. C. Sharma,
  • Ritik Chawla

摘要

Perennial species such as apple have high nutrient requirements to sustain their continuous biomass development. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has become a concern due to nutrient losses and low nutrient-use efficiency. Nano-fertilizers, particularly nano-NPK, have been proposed as alternatives to conventional fertilizers to enhance nutrient-use efficiency. A 2-year field study was conducted on apple cv. ‘Super Chief’ under high-density planting to evaluate whether foliar nano-NPK can fulfil the plant’s nutrient demand in the absence of soil-applied fertilizers. Treatments included three concentrations of nano-NPK (250, 500 and 750 ppm) applied either alone or in combination with 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (RDCF), along with an absolute control. Pooled results over two seasons revealed that 750 ppm nano-NPK + 75% RDCF significantly improved fruit length, fruit breadth, fruit weight, fruit volume, firmness, total soluble solids and total sugars by 18.69%, 22.28%, 46.72%, 45.64%, 62.68%, 61.34% and 34.11%, respectively, compared to the absolute control. This treatment not only enhanced fruit quality but also enabled a 25% reduction in soil-applied fertilizers. However, sole foliar nano-NPK application did not provide adequate nutrient supply to sustain optimal fruit growth and quality, resulting in inferior fruit quality. Thus, the study concludes that combined application of 750 ppm nano-NPK + 75% RDCF is the most effective in improving the physico-chemical attributes of ‘Super Chief’ apple under high-density plantation.