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<p>This study aimed to investigate the floral morphology, pollen characteristics, and fruit set of <i>Corylus jacquemontii</i> in the hilly conditions of Uttarakhand, India, specifically focusing on 30-year-old plants. Field observations and laboratory analyses were performed to assess floral structure using the BBCH (<i>Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie</i>) scale. Pollen viability was tested using staining techniques, while fruit set was evaluated through field assessments of pollination and fertilization success. We observed that male flowers are found in catkins that emerge in the axils of basal leaves on 1‑year-old shoots. The male flowering period starting from 2nd weeks of August to 3rd week of February each catkin typically contains 170–250 male flowers. &#xa0;The period from the emergence of male flower buds to their dehiscence lasts 148–154 days. The female flowers clustered tightly in three locations, with a development period of 10–12 days for the female flower buds to reach anthesis. In female flowering starts from 2nd week of January and continued up to last week of February. The size of hazelnut pollen grains were 41.92 × 40.54 µm in water and 32.40 × 31.79 µm in dry conditions. The highest pollen germination rate was 82.67%, with the maximum pollen tube length reaching 114.63 µm under treatment T2 (15% sucrose solution) after a&#xa0;24‑h interval. Additionally, the study examined the optimal receptivity of the stigma following the full emergence of the styles, indicating that cross-pollination resulted in a&#xa0;higher fruit set compared to natural pollination in hazelnut plants. <i>Corylus jacquemontii</i> exhibits advantageous floral and pollen traits for reproduction; however, fruit set is influenced by environmental factors. This study provides valuable insights into the reproductive biology of the species, which can inform efforts to improve its cultivation and conservation strategies in the region.</p>

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Floral and Pollen Morphology and Fruit Set of Hazelnut (Corylus jacquemontii Decne.) in the Hilly Conditions of Uttarakhand

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • N. Chandra,
  • M. Negi,
  • S. C. Pant,
  • B. Mamgain,
  • R. Sharma

摘要

This study aimed to investigate the floral morphology, pollen characteristics, and fruit set of Corylus jacquemontii in the hilly conditions of Uttarakhand, India, specifically focusing on 30-year-old plants. Field observations and laboratory analyses were performed to assess floral structure using the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale. Pollen viability was tested using staining techniques, while fruit set was evaluated through field assessments of pollination and fertilization success. We observed that male flowers are found in catkins that emerge in the axils of basal leaves on 1‑year-old shoots. The male flowering period starting from 2nd weeks of August to 3rd week of February each catkin typically contains 170–250 male flowers.  The period from the emergence of male flower buds to their dehiscence lasts 148–154 days. The female flowers clustered tightly in three locations, with a development period of 10–12 days for the female flower buds to reach anthesis. In female flowering starts from 2nd week of January and continued up to last week of February. The size of hazelnut pollen grains were 41.92 × 40.54 µm in water and 32.40 × 31.79 µm in dry conditions. The highest pollen germination rate was 82.67%, with the maximum pollen tube length reaching 114.63 µm under treatment T2 (15% sucrose solution) after a 24‑h interval. Additionally, the study examined the optimal receptivity of the stigma following the full emergence of the styles, indicating that cross-pollination resulted in a higher fruit set compared to natural pollination in hazelnut plants. Corylus jacquemontii exhibits advantageous floral and pollen traits for reproduction; however, fruit set is influenced by environmental factors. This study provides valuable insights into the reproductive biology of the species, which can inform efforts to improve its cultivation and conservation strategies in the region.