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<p>One of the main obstacles to the cultivation of litchi (<i>Litchi chinensis</i> Sonn.) is fruit drop, which causes large output losses and lowers growers’ profitability. However, fruit drop varies with age of tree but fruit drop is 90–95% up to the third week after pollination. Complex interplay between environmental, physiological, and management factors influence the phenomena at several stages of fruit development, including physiological drop, post-fertilization drop, and pre-harvest drop. Fruit abscission is caused by both biotic and abiotic stressors. Abscission layer production is largely triggered by hormonal regulation, specifically the imbalance of auxins, gibberellins, and ethylene. The application of plant growth regulators (NAA and GA<sub>3</sub>) during crucial stages of fruit development, canopy management to minimize wind damage, balanced fertilizer application (boron, zinc, and potassium), and optimal irrigation scheduling are all examples of effective management techniques. Minimizing fruit drop brought on by stress is another benefit of integrated pest and disease management. Developing sustainable and site-specific management techniques to increase fruit retention and boost yield in litchi orchards requires a&#xa0;thorough understanding of the physiological processes and environmental triggers.</p>

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Understanding and Management of Fruit Drop in Litchi Cultivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月29日

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  • V. R. Gharge,
  • Narayan Lal,
  • Poonam,
  • Jyoti Singh,
  • Arunima Tripathi,
  • Kalyani Nagraj,
  • Johnson Lakra

摘要

One of the main obstacles to the cultivation of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is fruit drop, which causes large output losses and lowers growers’ profitability. However, fruit drop varies with age of tree but fruit drop is 90–95% up to the third week after pollination. Complex interplay between environmental, physiological, and management factors influence the phenomena at several stages of fruit development, including physiological drop, post-fertilization drop, and pre-harvest drop. Fruit abscission is caused by both biotic and abiotic stressors. Abscission layer production is largely triggered by hormonal regulation, specifically the imbalance of auxins, gibberellins, and ethylene. The application of plant growth regulators (NAA and GA3) during crucial stages of fruit development, canopy management to minimize wind damage, balanced fertilizer application (boron, zinc, and potassium), and optimal irrigation scheduling are all examples of effective management techniques. Minimizing fruit drop brought on by stress is another benefit of integrated pest and disease management. Developing sustainable and site-specific management techniques to increase fruit retention and boost yield in litchi orchards requires a thorough understanding of the physiological processes and environmental triggers.