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<p>In the Y‑shaped grapevine training system widely adopted in China, the leaves on the east&#xa0;(E) and west&#xa0;(W) sides are exposed to different microenvironments due to variations in light conditions. However, the diurnal patterns of photosynthesis in these two sets of leaves remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the physiological and molecular characteristics of E‑ and W‑side leaves of ‘Red Globe’ grapevines during the pre-veraison (E-L-33) and veraison (E-L-36). Leaf surface environmental conditions, including photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), surface air temperature (Tair), humidity (RH), gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf contents of carbohydrates, organic acids, and nitrogen, as well as the expression levels of genes involved in sugar synthesis, were measured. E‑leaves experienced higher Tair and PAR, which caused midday photosynthetic depression but led to greater production of carbohydrates and organic acids. Tair correlated positively with PAR and negatively with RH, while ammonium nitrogen correlated positively with photosynthesis. Sugar synthesis-related genes (<i>VvFFase, VvNI, VvSPS</i>, and others) and end-products (sucrose and starch) lagged behind net photosynthetic rate, while glucose, fructose, malic acid, starch, and cellulose showed similar diurnal trends. These findings clarify E‑ and W‑leaf photosynthetic differences across phenological stages, aiding canopy regulation and training system optimization.</p>

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Diurnal Variation in Photosynthetic Capacity of East and West Sides of Grapevine Leaves in Y-Shaped Training System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Peian Zhang,
  • Huanchun Jin,
  • Tianyu Dong,
  • Quan Zhao,
  • Yang Song,
  • Jinggui Fang,
  • Dongfeng Liu

摘要

In the Y‑shaped grapevine training system widely adopted in China, the leaves on the east (E) and west (W) sides are exposed to different microenvironments due to variations in light conditions. However, the diurnal patterns of photosynthesis in these two sets of leaves remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the physiological and molecular characteristics of E‑ and W‑side leaves of ‘Red Globe’ grapevines during the pre-veraison (E-L-33) and veraison (E-L-36). Leaf surface environmental conditions, including photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), surface air temperature (Tair), humidity (RH), gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf contents of carbohydrates, organic acids, and nitrogen, as well as the expression levels of genes involved in sugar synthesis, were measured. E‑leaves experienced higher Tair and PAR, which caused midday photosynthetic depression but led to greater production of carbohydrates and organic acids. Tair correlated positively with PAR and negatively with RH, while ammonium nitrogen correlated positively with photosynthesis. Sugar synthesis-related genes (VvFFase, VvNI, VvSPS, and others) and end-products (sucrose and starch) lagged behind net photosynthetic rate, while glucose, fructose, malic acid, starch, and cellulose showed similar diurnal trends. These findings clarify E‑ and W‑leaf photosynthetic differences across phenological stages, aiding canopy regulation and training system optimization.