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<p>Fruit ripening comprises a&#xa0;complex sequence of physiological and biochemical transformations that encompass alterations in fruit quality. In this investigation, we evaluated the effect of applying 800 µM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on the acceleration of strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i> <i>×</i> <i>ananassa</i> cv. ‘Camarosa’) fruit ripening, considering its dependence on various factors controlled by transcription factors (TFs). NaHS-treated fruits exhibited the higher antioxidant capacity (94.26% in NaHS-treated fruits and 84.08% in control fruits in the ripening stage), ascorbic acid content, and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, these treated fruits displayed elevated levels of total phenols (35.26 mg GAE 100 g<sup>−1</sup> FW in fruits treated with NaHS and 28.49 mg GAE 100 g<sup>−1</sup> FW in control fruits at the ripening stage), flavonoids, anthocyanin, and enhanced activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) compared to control fruits. Concomitantly, the heightened activity of the antioxidant system was observed in NaHS-treated fruits. We also examined the relative gene expression involved in fruit ripening, revealing that the expression of <i>FaGAMYB, FaMYB</i><sub><i>1</i></sub>, <i>FaPAL</i>, and <i>FaCHS</i>, which are responsible for PAL activity and anthocyanin biosynthesis, was upregulated in NaHS-treated fruits. Additionally, the expression of <i>FaSUT</i><sub><i>1</i></sub> and <i>FaNCED</i><sub><i>1</i></sub>, involved in sucrose transport and abscisic acid (ABA) generation, respectively, showed an increase due to NaHS application. In contrast, the expression of <i>FaMYC</i><sub><i>1</i></sub>, a&#xa0;regulator associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis, was downregulated during fruit development. These results highlight the potential of NaHS as a&#xa0;beneficial treatment for promoting fruit ripening in strawberries, with implications for the horticultural industry. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and optimize the application parameters of NaHS to maximize its effectiveness in accelerating fruit ripening in strawberries and other crops.</p>

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Hydrogen Sulfide Accelerates the Ripening Process of Strawberry Fruit by Inducing the Expression of Genes Involved in Anthocyanin, Sucrose, and Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月29日

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  • Farhang Razavi,
  • Saeed Rezaei,
  • Mohammad Esmaeil Amiri,
  • Abbas Bahari,
  • Morteza Soleimani Aghdam,
  • Sanaz Molaei

摘要

Fruit ripening comprises a complex sequence of physiological and biochemical transformations that encompass alterations in fruit quality. In this investigation, we evaluated the effect of applying 800 µM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on the acceleration of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. ‘Camarosa’) fruit ripening, considering its dependence on various factors controlled by transcription factors (TFs). NaHS-treated fruits exhibited the higher antioxidant capacity (94.26% in NaHS-treated fruits and 84.08% in control fruits in the ripening stage), ascorbic acid content, and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, these treated fruits displayed elevated levels of total phenols (35.26 mg GAE 100 g−1 FW in fruits treated with NaHS and 28.49 mg GAE 100 g−1 FW in control fruits at the ripening stage), flavonoids, anthocyanin, and enhanced activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) compared to control fruits. Concomitantly, the heightened activity of the antioxidant system was observed in NaHS-treated fruits. We also examined the relative gene expression involved in fruit ripening, revealing that the expression of FaGAMYB, FaMYB1, FaPAL, and FaCHS, which are responsible for PAL activity and anthocyanin biosynthesis, was upregulated in NaHS-treated fruits. Additionally, the expression of FaSUT1 and FaNCED1, involved in sucrose transport and abscisic acid (ABA) generation, respectively, showed an increase due to NaHS application. In contrast, the expression of FaMYC1, a regulator associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis, was downregulated during fruit development. These results highlight the potential of NaHS as a beneficial treatment for promoting fruit ripening in strawberries, with implications for the horticultural industry. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and optimize the application parameters of NaHS to maximize its effectiveness in accelerating fruit ripening in strawberries and other crops.