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<p>Guava, a&#xa0;nutrient-dense super fruit, is rich in bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid (4–5&#xa0;times higher than citrus fruits). Cultivar and stage-specific biochemical content enable health benefit assessments. This study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical changes during fruit development in three selected cultivars—‘Punjab Kiran’ (pink pulp and green to reddish green skinned), ‘Punjab Apple Guava’ (red skinned) and ‘Shweta’ (white pulp and green skinned). Measurements were taken fortnightly for rainy and winter season fruits, 30&#xa0;days after fruit set (DAFS) until fruit maturation at 127 DAFS (rainy) and 140 DAFS (winter). Results indicated that fruit growth stage significantly influenced the nutritional and bioactive content of the cultivars. Anthocyanin and carotenoids were initially absent in the three studied guava cultivars, while phenolics, flavonoids and pectin content (0.96–1.12%) peaked in colored cultivars (i.e., ‘Punjab Kiran’ and ‘Punjab Apple Guava’) at 90&#xa0;DAFS. ‘Punjab Apple Guava’ exhibited the highest concentration of bioactive compounds during the winter season as compared to summer. Total sugars, reducing sugars, total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid increased across all the three cultivars, while total acidity showed a&#xa0;decreasing trend. Antioxidant content peaked in ‘Punjab Apple Guava’ at 30&#xa0;DAFS (66.87% in the rainy and 74.64% in the winter season). Notably, ‘Punjab Kiran’ attained the maximum fruit length, while ‘Shweta’ had the largest fruit diameter, during the winter season crop. The study suggests that guava fruits, at specific developmental stages and by cultivar, can be strategically utilized for processing or direct consumption to maximize nutritional and bioactive potential.</p>

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Comparative Study on Morphological and Physiological Changes During Fruit Development in Three Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Cultivars

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月25日

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  • Kuldeep Kamboj,
  • Gagandeep Kaur,
  • Kirandeep Kaur Kang,
  • Naresh Kumar Arora,
  • Jaswinder Singh Brar

摘要

Guava, a nutrient-dense super fruit, is rich in bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid (4–5 times higher than citrus fruits). Cultivar and stage-specific biochemical content enable health benefit assessments. This study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical changes during fruit development in three selected cultivars—‘Punjab Kiran’ (pink pulp and green to reddish green skinned), ‘Punjab Apple Guava’ (red skinned) and ‘Shweta’ (white pulp and green skinned). Measurements were taken fortnightly for rainy and winter season fruits, 30 days after fruit set (DAFS) until fruit maturation at 127 DAFS (rainy) and 140 DAFS (winter). Results indicated that fruit growth stage significantly influenced the nutritional and bioactive content of the cultivars. Anthocyanin and carotenoids were initially absent in the three studied guava cultivars, while phenolics, flavonoids and pectin content (0.96–1.12%) peaked in colored cultivars (i.e., ‘Punjab Kiran’ and ‘Punjab Apple Guava’) at 90 DAFS. ‘Punjab Apple Guava’ exhibited the highest concentration of bioactive compounds during the winter season as compared to summer. Total sugars, reducing sugars, total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid increased across all the three cultivars, while total acidity showed a decreasing trend. Antioxidant content peaked in ‘Punjab Apple Guava’ at 30 DAFS (66.87% in the rainy and 74.64% in the winter season). Notably, ‘Punjab Kiran’ attained the maximum fruit length, while ‘Shweta’ had the largest fruit diameter, during the winter season crop. The study suggests that guava fruits, at specific developmental stages and by cultivar, can be strategically utilized for processing or direct consumption to maximize nutritional and bioactive potential.