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<p>Fungicides and herbicides are employed in agriculture to protect crops from various diseases and weeds, but they can also impact plant metabolism. These chemicals can accumulate in the environment and threaten beneficial insects, pollinators, and pollen grains. Pollen grain germination is essential for fertilization and overall yield. Therefore, understanding this process and how pesticides influence it is crucial to improving crop yields. Pesticides can spread by direct application to plants during the flowering period or by evaporation and drift on the flowers. Under in vitro conditions, the pollen of quince cultivars ‘Eşme’ that were untreated (control) and treated with either fungicide or herbicides at half field dose, field dose, and twice the field dose was analyzed. Pollen was germinated on a&#xa0;specific culture medium, and the germination percentages and tube lengths were measured under a&#xa0;light microscope. Pollen viability was calculated using 2‑3-5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) tests, and the following rates were observed: 16.14% viability, 81.45% semi-viability, and 2.39% non-viability. The results showed that the herbicides and fungicide negatively affected the length of the pollen tubes and germination, depending on the application and dosage used. The application of glyphosate at various doses significantly reduced the viability of the pollen and tube length compared to the other applications and application doses.</p>

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Toxicity of Fungicide and Herbicides on Pollen Germination and Tube Length of ‘Eşme’ Quince

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月18日

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  • Ömer Ümit Okçu,
  • Bahadır Şin,
  • Ömer Beyhan,
  • Ferhad Muradoğlu

摘要

Fungicides and herbicides are employed in agriculture to protect crops from various diseases and weeds, but they can also impact plant metabolism. These chemicals can accumulate in the environment and threaten beneficial insects, pollinators, and pollen grains. Pollen grain germination is essential for fertilization and overall yield. Therefore, understanding this process and how pesticides influence it is crucial to improving crop yields. Pesticides can spread by direct application to plants during the flowering period or by evaporation and drift on the flowers. Under in vitro conditions, the pollen of quince cultivars ‘Eşme’ that were untreated (control) and treated with either fungicide or herbicides at half field dose, field dose, and twice the field dose was analyzed. Pollen was germinated on a specific culture medium, and the germination percentages and tube lengths were measured under a light microscope. Pollen viability was calculated using 2‑3-5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) tests, and the following rates were observed: 16.14% viability, 81.45% semi-viability, and 2.39% non-viability. The results showed that the herbicides and fungicide negatively affected the length of the pollen tubes and germination, depending on the application and dosage used. The application of glyphosate at various doses significantly reduced the viability of the pollen and tube length compared to the other applications and application doses.