Impact of Irrigation Treatments on Weed Flora and Seed Bank in Apple Orchards
摘要
Apple producers work to minimize the negative impacts of various biotic and abiotic factors on production, which can vary according to the specific conditions of each production area. In recent years, limited water availability due to global warming has necessitated alternative approaches to weed control, which is a common challenge in apple production. One of these may be the use of different irrigation systems to manage weed growth. This study aimed to determine the effects of three distinct irrigation systems on weed flora and the soil seed bank, assessing their potential for use in weed management. The experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2024 in an apple orchard with an ‘Early Red One’ cultivar grafted onto M9 rootstock. Over the years, there was a partial decrease in both the number and density of weeds in the furrow-irrigated and control plots. However, this decrease was more pronounced in plots with surface and subsurface drip irrigation. The control plots presented the greatest increase in the soil seed bank, followed by furrow irrigation, surface drip irrigation, and, with the smallest increase, subsurface drip irrigation. Compared with other irrigation systems, subsurface drip irrigation provides producers with advantages in managing weed flora while contributing to a slower rate of increase in the weed seed bank. These findings suggest that subsurface drip irrigation may offer a promising strategy for integrated weed management in apple orchards under conditions of water scarcity.