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<p>Apple cultivation is expected to shift from low latitude to high latitude regions of Korea due to climate change. However, there is a&#xa0;lack of research on selecting suitable apple cultivars for high-latitude regions in Korea. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of genotype × environment interactions (GEI) on apple fruit quality and to identify stable apple genotypes that performed well in these regions. The fruit quality characteristics of eight apple genotypes cultivated in two locations over 2&#xa0;years were analyzed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), genotype × genotype environment (GGE) biplot, and multi-trait stability index (MTSI). The results showed significant difference among the genotypes, environment, and their interaction for all fruit quality characteristics. Genotypes had the greatest contribution to the total variance for fruit weight, total phenolic content, soluble solid content, and radical scavenging activity, whereas the environment contributed more to fruit firmness, total flavonoid content, and vitamin&#xa0;C at varying levels. The GEI was also found to be significant for all traits with medium to high contributions. The AMMI and GGE biplots were divided GEI into two interaction principal component analysis (IPCA), and explained significant variation for all traits, respectively. Based on combined multiple traits, ‘Shinano Gold’<sub>,</sub> ‘Fuji’, ‘Picnic’, and ‘Hongro’ were selected as stable genotypes by the MTSI model. These results offer opportunities for sustainable apple production in Korea.</p>

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Effect of Genotype × Environment Interactions on Apple Fruit Characteristics in a High Latitude Region of Korea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月3日

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  • Birtukan Tolera Geleta,
  • Alebel Mekuriaw Abebe,
  • Jae-Yun Heo

摘要

Apple cultivation is expected to shift from low latitude to high latitude regions of Korea due to climate change. However, there is a lack of research on selecting suitable apple cultivars for high-latitude regions in Korea. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of genotype × environment interactions (GEI) on apple fruit quality and to identify stable apple genotypes that performed well in these regions. The fruit quality characteristics of eight apple genotypes cultivated in two locations over 2 years were analyzed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), genotype × genotype environment (GGE) biplot, and multi-trait stability index (MTSI). The results showed significant difference among the genotypes, environment, and their interaction for all fruit quality characteristics. Genotypes had the greatest contribution to the total variance for fruit weight, total phenolic content, soluble solid content, and radical scavenging activity, whereas the environment contributed more to fruit firmness, total flavonoid content, and vitamin C at varying levels. The GEI was also found to be significant for all traits with medium to high contributions. The AMMI and GGE biplots were divided GEI into two interaction principal component analysis (IPCA), and explained significant variation for all traits, respectively. Based on combined multiple traits, ‘Shinano Gold’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Picnic’, and ‘Hongro’ were selected as stable genotypes by the MTSI model. These results offer opportunities for sustainable apple production in Korea.