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<p>Host adaptation is a critical determinant of successful phytophagous insect invasion. As a globally invasive pest, <i>Liriomyza sativae</i> exhibits exceptional plasticity in exploiting diverse host plants; however, the multilevel responses underlying this adaptability remain poorly understood. This study systematically investigated the effects of host plant switching on the developmental performance of <i>L. sativae</i>. Individuals reared on cowpea for a long time were transferred to four alternative hosts (Chinese cabbage, crown daisy, tomato, and cucumber) resulting in maladaptive phenotypes, such as prolonged developmental duration and reduced pupal weight and length. Successive subculturing over multiple generations on the new hosts progressively mitigated these maladaptive traits, with the extent of recovery varying among host species. Further analyses indicated that detoxification enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, CAT; peroxidase, POD) may play a role in mitigating maladaptation to novel hosts, as evidenced by elevated enzyme activities following host switching. These enzyme activities declined with continuous subculturing, further supporting enhanced physiological adaptation to the new hosts. Host switching significantly reshaped the gut microbial community, particularly altering the relative abundances of dominant taxa, such as Proteobacteria and Muribaculaceae. This microbial restructuring may facilitate metabolic adaptation to novel host environments. Collectively, these findings provide insights into the physiological and microbial mechanisms underlying the polyphagy of <i>L. sativae</i> and provide a theoretical foundation for integrated pest management strategies.</p>

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Host switching and successive subculturing drive adaptive responses in Liriomyza sativae

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Yang Gao,
  • Wei He,
  • Ming Zhang,
  • Hai-Nuo Hong,
  • Jin Wang,
  • Ying Zhou,
  • Zeng‑Rong Zhu

摘要

Host adaptation is a critical determinant of successful phytophagous insect invasion. As a globally invasive pest, Liriomyza sativae exhibits exceptional plasticity in exploiting diverse host plants; however, the multilevel responses underlying this adaptability remain poorly understood. This study systematically investigated the effects of host plant switching on the developmental performance of L. sativae. Individuals reared on cowpea for a long time were transferred to four alternative hosts (Chinese cabbage, crown daisy, tomato, and cucumber) resulting in maladaptive phenotypes, such as prolonged developmental duration and reduced pupal weight and length. Successive subculturing over multiple generations on the new hosts progressively mitigated these maladaptive traits, with the extent of recovery varying among host species. Further analyses indicated that detoxification enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, CAT; peroxidase, POD) may play a role in mitigating maladaptation to novel hosts, as evidenced by elevated enzyme activities following host switching. These enzyme activities declined with continuous subculturing, further supporting enhanced physiological adaptation to the new hosts. Host switching significantly reshaped the gut microbial community, particularly altering the relative abundances of dominant taxa, such as Proteobacteria and Muribaculaceae. This microbial restructuring may facilitate metabolic adaptation to novel host environments. Collectively, these findings provide insights into the physiological and microbial mechanisms underlying the polyphagy of L. sativae and provide a theoretical foundation for integrated pest management strategies.