<p>Nano-enabled RNA interference (RNAi) is an emerging strategy for sustainable pest control, showing particular promise against lepidopteran insects, one of the most damaging groups to global agriculture. Conventional RNAi approaches have been hampered by instability of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), inefficient uptake, and rapid degradation. Nanotechnology offers solutions by enhancing stability, delivery, and target specificity. Biodegradable nanocarriers—such as liposomes, chitosan-based particles, dendrimers, and polymeric systems—protect dsRNA from environmental breakdown and facilitate uptake across the gut and immune barriers of Lepidoptera. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) enable targeted gene silencing while reducing off-target effects, improving ecological safety. The integration of nano-enabled RNAi with molecular and genomic tools supports the identification of pest-specific targets and advances environmentally compatible solutions. By lowering dependence on chemical pesticides, mitigating risks of resistance, and minimizing environmental contamination, nano-enabled RNAi aligns with green pest management principles. Despite these prospects, challenges remain, including regulatory uncertainties, production costs, ecological safety concerns, and public acceptance. Overall, nano-enabled RNAi represents a promising but still maturing approach whose success will rely on multidisciplinary progress in nanotechnology, molecular biology, and agricultural sciences.</p>