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<p>Insect symbiotic bacteria, colonizing both pests and parasitoids, serve as critical mediators of tripartite interactions within plant-pest-parasitoid systems. Obligate symbionts (e.g., <i>Buchnera aphidicola</i>) fulfill essential nutritional roles for their hosts, whereas facultative symbionts (e.g., <i>Wolbachia</i>) exert dynamic and context-dependent effects on parasitoid ecology, encompassing reproductive manipulation, immune modulation, and behavioral adaptation. This review synthesizes these effects based on key functional categories: (1) reproductive manipulation (e.g., <i>Wolbachia</i>-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility and thelytoky); (2) immune modulation and defense enhancement (e.g., suppression of host immune recognition or conferring parasitoid resistance to agrochemicals via detoxifying enzymes like those from <i>Enterobacter cancerogenus</i>); and (3) chemical ecology interference (e.g., alteration of host-derived volatile blends disrupting parasitoid foraging efficiency). Despite their ecological and agricultural significance, a systematic synthesis of symbiont functions and their translational potential remains lacking. Building on these insights, we propose three targeted strategies to revolutionize parasitoid-based biocontrol: (1) genetic line optimization through <i>Wolbachia</i>-driven thelytokous parthenogenesis to maximize female-biased populations; (2) probiotic-augmented rearing protocols to enhance parasitoid vigor and field adaptability; and (3) precision attractant design leveraging symbiont-emitted semiochemicals. By integrating mechanistic studies with applied entomology, this work establishes a conceptual framework for exploiting insect-microbe symbioses to address pressing challenges in sustainable agriculture. Our synthesis not only elucidates the evolutionary arms race between symbiotic bacteria and parasitoids but also provides actionable solutions to optimize biocontrol efficacy, bridging the gap between fundamental research and agroecological practice.</p>

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Symbiotic bacteria modulate parasitic wasp fitness: mechanisms and applications in sustainable pest management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Zifei Xie,
  • Yuping Zhang,
  • Yijuan Xu

摘要

Insect symbiotic bacteria, colonizing both pests and parasitoids, serve as critical mediators of tripartite interactions within plant-pest-parasitoid systems. Obligate symbionts (e.g., Buchnera aphidicola) fulfill essential nutritional roles for their hosts, whereas facultative symbionts (e.g., Wolbachia) exert dynamic and context-dependent effects on parasitoid ecology, encompassing reproductive manipulation, immune modulation, and behavioral adaptation. This review synthesizes these effects based on key functional categories: (1) reproductive manipulation (e.g., Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility and thelytoky); (2) immune modulation and defense enhancement (e.g., suppression of host immune recognition or conferring parasitoid resistance to agrochemicals via detoxifying enzymes like those from Enterobacter cancerogenus); and (3) chemical ecology interference (e.g., alteration of host-derived volatile blends disrupting parasitoid foraging efficiency). Despite their ecological and agricultural significance, a systematic synthesis of symbiont functions and their translational potential remains lacking. Building on these insights, we propose three targeted strategies to revolutionize parasitoid-based biocontrol: (1) genetic line optimization through Wolbachia-driven thelytokous parthenogenesis to maximize female-biased populations; (2) probiotic-augmented rearing protocols to enhance parasitoid vigor and field adaptability; and (3) precision attractant design leveraging symbiont-emitted semiochemicals. By integrating mechanistic studies with applied entomology, this work establishes a conceptual framework for exploiting insect-microbe symbioses to address pressing challenges in sustainable agriculture. Our synthesis not only elucidates the evolutionary arms race between symbiotic bacteria and parasitoids but also provides actionable solutions to optimize biocontrol efficacy, bridging the gap between fundamental research and agroecological practice.