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<p>The use of plant-derived products in crop protection is still hampered by their high volatility and susceptibility to degradation. New technologies based on nanoemulsions and nanoencapsulation are currently under scrutiny to improve plant-derived biopesticides’ efficacy and stability. This study aimed to investigate the insecticidal activity of carvacrol, L-(−)-carvone, (<i>E</i>)-anethole, and (<i>E</i>)-cinnamaldehyde in their pure form and as nanoparticles of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) against <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) adults. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of these compounds on biomarkers of oxidative stress and histopathology of LC<sub>50</sub>-treated <i>D</i>. <i>suzukii</i> adult females. Finally, the effects of these compounds on the non-target organism <i>Palmistichus elaeisis</i> (Delvare &amp; LaSalle) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were also assessed. For the pure compounds, L-(−)-carvone showed the highest insecticidal activity (LC<sub>50</sub> = 0.49&#xa0;µL × mL<sup>−1</sup>), while for the&#xa0;nanoparticles, PCL-(<i>E</i>)-cinnamaldehyde showed the lowest LC<sub>50</sub> value (LC<sub>50</sub> = 17.12&#xa0;µL × mL<sup>−1</sup>). The nanoparticles of all compounds exhibited prolonged insecticidal activities compared to their pure forms, particularly PCL-carvacrol. This same pattern was observed for oxidative stress, in which strong activation of catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was observed for PCL-carvacrol. For lipid peroxidation, PCL control and pure compounds increased MDA content compared to the solvent control (2% DMSO). Furthermore, PCL-treated flies exhibited decreased muscle fiber, increased midgut epithelium thickness, and reduced lipid droplet area in the fat body. Thoracic exoskeleton thickness increased in flies treated with pure compounds. In their pure or nanoparticle forms, these terpenes and phenylpropanoids were not harmful to the parasitoid <i>P</i>. <i>elaeisis</i>, suggesting that nanoparticles of these natural compounds should be further studied as new alternatives to be implemented in the control of <i>D</i>. <i>suzukii</i>.</p>

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Insecticidal activity and morphophysiological disturbances of terpenes and phenylpropanoids poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles in Drosophila suzukii and selectivity to Palmistichus elaeisis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Luciano de Souza,
  • Maria das Graças Cardoso,
  • Stefânia Priscilla de Souza,
  • Cassia Duarte Oliveira,
  • Rosangela Cristina Marucci,
  • Juliano Elvis de Oliveira,
  • Hallen Daniel Rezende Calado,
  • Ezequiel Garcia-Souza,
  • Isaac Konig,
  • Khalid Haddi

摘要

The use of plant-derived products in crop protection is still hampered by their high volatility and susceptibility to degradation. New technologies based on nanoemulsions and nanoencapsulation are currently under scrutiny to improve plant-derived biopesticides’ efficacy and stability. This study aimed to investigate the insecticidal activity of carvacrol, L-(−)-carvone, (E)-anethole, and (E)-cinnamaldehyde in their pure form and as nanoparticles of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) against Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) adults. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of these compounds on biomarkers of oxidative stress and histopathology of LC50-treated D. suzukii adult females. Finally, the effects of these compounds on the non-target organism Palmistichus elaeisis (Delvare & LaSalle) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were also assessed. For the pure compounds, L-(−)-carvone showed the highest insecticidal activity (LC50 = 0.49 µL × mL−1), while for the nanoparticles, PCL-(E)-cinnamaldehyde showed the lowest LC50 value (LC50 = 17.12 µL × mL−1). The nanoparticles of all compounds exhibited prolonged insecticidal activities compared to their pure forms, particularly PCL-carvacrol. This same pattern was observed for oxidative stress, in which strong activation of catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was observed for PCL-carvacrol. For lipid peroxidation, PCL control and pure compounds increased MDA content compared to the solvent control (2% DMSO). Furthermore, PCL-treated flies exhibited decreased muscle fiber, increased midgut epithelium thickness, and reduced lipid droplet area in the fat body. Thoracic exoskeleton thickness increased in flies treated with pure compounds. In their pure or nanoparticle forms, these terpenes and phenylpropanoids were not harmful to the parasitoid P. elaeisis, suggesting that nanoparticles of these natural compounds should be further studied as new alternatives to be implemented in the control of D. suzukii.