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<p>Mosquito-borne diseases pose a significant threat to global public health, with dengue fever alone accounting for an estimated 10 million symptomatic cases in 2023 alone. While the gut microbiota plays a prominent and crucial role in maintaining host physiology, research has predominantly focused on gut bacteria, with limited attention to gut fungi. In this study, the role of gut fungi on the development and survival of <i>Aedes albopictus</i> mosquito larvae was investigated by treating the larvae with the antifungal agent fluconazole. Treatment resulted in developmental delays and increased mortality across larval stages, with second instar larvae exhibiting the highest overall mortality of 73.33 ± 1.67% and fourth instar larvae showing the lowest overall mortality of 50.00 ± 0.00% at 50&#xa0;ppm fluconazole concentration. The concentration to prevent 50% emergence (EC<sub>50</sub>) was 6.9 ± 0.37, 26.3 ± 1.03, and 50.1 ± 0.03&#xa0;ppm for second, third, and fourth instar larvae, respectively. A 50.00% reduction in culturable fungal colonies with a concomitant increase (40.30%) in culturable bacterial colonies was observed on fluconazole treatment. This is also supported by whole metagenome and ITS-based fungal metagenome analyses. In rescue experiments, supplementing the fluconazole-treated larvae with gut microbes from untreated larvae significantly increased survival from 52 ± 0.02 to 79 ± 0.01%, confirming the role of gut fungi. This study provides the first evidence for the critical role of gut fungi in the development and survival of mosquito larvae. The role of gut fungi in mosquito larval development can be exploited for mosquito control and the application can be extended to the management of other insect pests.</p>

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Gut fungi and their interplay with other gut microbes play an important role in the larval development of the dengue vector Aedes albopictus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • Namitha George,
  • Anjana Lokanathan Mammili Kunnathu,
  • Alisha Koodali Sherly,
  • Kelvin Joy,
  • Akash Kannan,
  • Shiji Thozhukkad Moosaripparambil,
  • Y. Shibu Vardhanan,
  • Kannan Vadakkadath Meethal

摘要

Mosquito-borne diseases pose a significant threat to global public health, with dengue fever alone accounting for an estimated 10 million symptomatic cases in 2023 alone. While the gut microbiota plays a prominent and crucial role in maintaining host physiology, research has predominantly focused on gut bacteria, with limited attention to gut fungi. In this study, the role of gut fungi on the development and survival of Aedes albopictus mosquito larvae was investigated by treating the larvae with the antifungal agent fluconazole. Treatment resulted in developmental delays and increased mortality across larval stages, with second instar larvae exhibiting the highest overall mortality of 73.33 ± 1.67% and fourth instar larvae showing the lowest overall mortality of 50.00 ± 0.00% at 50 ppm fluconazole concentration. The concentration to prevent 50% emergence (EC50) was 6.9 ± 0.37, 26.3 ± 1.03, and 50.1 ± 0.03 ppm for second, third, and fourth instar larvae, respectively. A 50.00% reduction in culturable fungal colonies with a concomitant increase (40.30%) in culturable bacterial colonies was observed on fluconazole treatment. This is also supported by whole metagenome and ITS-based fungal metagenome analyses. In rescue experiments, supplementing the fluconazole-treated larvae with gut microbes from untreated larvae significantly increased survival from 52 ± 0.02 to 79 ± 0.01%, confirming the role of gut fungi. This study provides the first evidence for the critical role of gut fungi in the development and survival of mosquito larvae. The role of gut fungi in mosquito larval development can be exploited for mosquito control and the application can be extended to the management of other insect pests.