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<p>Determining the flexoelectric coefficient components is a fundamental challenge in the community of flexoelectric materials. In this work, the strain-gradient-induced polarization in macroscopic bent strontium titanate single crystals is utilized to elucidate the crystal orientation-dependent flexoelectric coefficient of this material. The effective flexoelectric coefficient along the cubic crystallographic axes can be used to derive theoretical expressions. A three-dimensional coordinate transformation is then applied to derive the flexoelectric coefficients for (001), (110), and (111) orientations in global coordinates. A relationship between the effective flexoelectric coefficients for these orientations is obtained, which is validated using a three-point bending test. Our work provides valuable theoretical and experimental insights into the evaluation of flexoelectric coefficients in dielectric materials, contributing to a deeper understanding of their crystal-orientation dependence.</p>

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Crystal-Orientation-Dependent Flexoelectricity of Strontium Titanate Single Crystals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月23日

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  • Haoxuan Wang,
  • Yifan Wang,
  • Wenyuan Liu,
  • Feng Deng,
  • Jianwei Song,
  • Xu Liang,
  • Shuling Hu,
  • Shengping Shen

摘要

Determining the flexoelectric coefficient components is a fundamental challenge in the community of flexoelectric materials. In this work, the strain-gradient-induced polarization in macroscopic bent strontium titanate single crystals is utilized to elucidate the crystal orientation-dependent flexoelectric coefficient of this material. The effective flexoelectric coefficient along the cubic crystallographic axes can be used to derive theoretical expressions. A three-dimensional coordinate transformation is then applied to derive the flexoelectric coefficients for (001), (110), and (111) orientations in global coordinates. A relationship between the effective flexoelectric coefficients for these orientations is obtained, which is validated using a three-point bending test. Our work provides valuable theoretical and experimental insights into the evaluation of flexoelectric coefficients in dielectric materials, contributing to a deeper understanding of their crystal-orientation dependence.