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<p>Urbanization transforms natural landscapes, significantly influencing bird communities by reducing species richness and fostering functional homogenization. Birds, a vital component of urban biodiversity, exhibit seasonal variations in their responses to urban environments, underscoring the need to understand these dynamics for effective biodiversity management. This study examined bird communities in urban green areas (UGAs) in Poznań, Poland, between the non-breeding (winter) seasons and breeding (spring) across 31 sampling sites. To assess the influence of land-use and land-cover characteristics on bird communities in each season, we analysed various metrics of bird species diversity, abundance, and functional diversity at the park level. Our findings revealed a low correlation between bird community metrics at individual urban green areas across breeding and winter seasons, indicating high species turnover and distinctly different communities between the seasons. Species richness and several metrices of functional characteristic of communities were notably higher during the breeding season, reflecting a wider range of species utilizing UGAs. Non-breeding communities were characterized by larger-bodied species and increased overall abundance. Deciduous tree cover consistently supported higher bird abundance, while the extent of bare ground negatively affected functional evenness in both seasons. These results highlight the importance of season-dependent urban planning to support avian biodiversity year-round.</p>

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Seasonal dynamics of urban bird communities: impact of habitat on breeding and wintering bird communities in a northern temperate region

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Viktoria Takacs,
  • Peter Mikula,
  • Patrycja Woszczyło,
  • Piotr Tryjanowski

摘要

Urbanization transforms natural landscapes, significantly influencing bird communities by reducing species richness and fostering functional homogenization. Birds, a vital component of urban biodiversity, exhibit seasonal variations in their responses to urban environments, underscoring the need to understand these dynamics for effective biodiversity management. This study examined bird communities in urban green areas (UGAs) in Poznań, Poland, between the non-breeding (winter) seasons and breeding (spring) across 31 sampling sites. To assess the influence of land-use and land-cover characteristics on bird communities in each season, we analysed various metrics of bird species diversity, abundance, and functional diversity at the park level. Our findings revealed a low correlation between bird community metrics at individual urban green areas across breeding and winter seasons, indicating high species turnover and distinctly different communities between the seasons. Species richness and several metrices of functional characteristic of communities were notably higher during the breeding season, reflecting a wider range of species utilizing UGAs. Non-breeding communities were characterized by larger-bodied species and increased overall abundance. Deciduous tree cover consistently supported higher bird abundance, while the extent of bare ground negatively affected functional evenness in both seasons. These results highlight the importance of season-dependent urban planning to support avian biodiversity year-round.