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<p>Studying species’ migration plasticity and repeatability provides insight into their migratory strategies and adaptability to changing conditions. The European Honey Buzzard (<i>Pernis apivorus</i>) is known for its complex migratory behaviour, yet most studies have focussed on populations in Western Europe and Scandinavia. To reveal the migration routes of an Eastern European population, we tracked five adult male European Honey Buzzards breeding in north-eastern Poland between 2018 and 2024. Despite breeding within only 60&#xa0;km of one another, the males followed four distinct flyways—via Gibraltar, the Apennines, the Balkans, and the Bosphorus—spanning 3750&#xa0;km at their widest separation, but converging at wintering areas only 575&#xa0;km apart. Individuals also showed interannual flexibility, altering their routes to avoid barriers such as mountains, seas and deserts. Migration phenology varied only during spring (return) migration, resulting in high variability in arrival dates at breeding grounds. Despite the small sample size, eastern European Honey Buzzards exhibited striking flexibility and individuality in migration routes, demonstrating their capacity to adjust movements to prevailing environmental conditions.</p>

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Remarkable plasticity in route choice by migrating European Honey Buzzards from north-eastern Poland

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Paweł Mirski,
  • Ervin Komar,
  • Tomasz Tumiel

摘要

Studying species’ migration plasticity and repeatability provides insight into their migratory strategies and adaptability to changing conditions. The European Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus) is known for its complex migratory behaviour, yet most studies have focussed on populations in Western Europe and Scandinavia. To reveal the migration routes of an Eastern European population, we tracked five adult male European Honey Buzzards breeding in north-eastern Poland between 2018 and 2024. Despite breeding within only 60 km of one another, the males followed four distinct flyways—via Gibraltar, the Apennines, the Balkans, and the Bosphorus—spanning 3750 km at their widest separation, but converging at wintering areas only 575 km apart. Individuals also showed interannual flexibility, altering their routes to avoid barriers such as mountains, seas and deserts. Migration phenology varied only during spring (return) migration, resulting in high variability in arrival dates at breeding grounds. Despite the small sample size, eastern European Honey Buzzards exhibited striking flexibility and individuality in migration routes, demonstrating their capacity to adjust movements to prevailing environmental conditions.