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<p>The Amazon is home to the greatest bird diversity in the world, but its avian diversity is still underestimated, partially due to cryptic diversity. An accurate assessment of cryptic species is necessary in order to construct a comprehensive inventory and promote conservation of bird diversity in the Amazon. Here, we present the case of the Red-shouldered Tanager (<i>Tachyphonus phoenicius</i> Swainson, 1838), a bird specialized in Amazonian open vegetation and currently considered a monotypic taxon. An historical review of the taxon classification and analyses of morphology and genomic data provided robust evidences for at least two taxa within <i>T. phoenicius</i>. One of these taxa (<i>T. phoenicius</i>) is distributed in white-sand vegetation and other open vegetation types in the southern portion of the Amazon basin. Another taxon is recorded in similar habitats in the northern Amazon and currently no name is has been attributed to it. We propose to revalidate the taxon <i>Tachyphonus saucius</i> Strickland, 1844, to nominate the northern population of the Red-shouldered Tanager. Additionally, because the holotype of <i>T. phoenicius</i> is lost, we designed a neotype series of <i>T. phoenicius</i> to serve as reference for a more accurate classification of the species. The conservation status of <i>T. saucius</i> and T. <i>phoenicius</i> deserves attention since their geographic distribution overlaps with regions with high rates of deforestation and illegal mining. Our study demonstrates that taxonomic revisions of monotypic cryptic species are fundamental in order to characterize diversity patterns and assess the conservation status of Amazonian bird species.</p>

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Cryptic diversity in the Amazonian Red-shouldered Tanager (Tachyphonus phoenicius) Swainson 1838 with a neotype designation and revalidation of Tachyphonus saucius Strickland 1844

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月8日

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  • Jean Clody da Cunha Nunes,
  • Érico Polo,
  • João Marcos Guimarães Capurucho,
  • Maysa Matos,
  • Camila C. Ribas,
  • David Oren,
  • Lincoln Silva Carneiro,
  • Sérgio Henrique Borges

摘要

The Amazon is home to the greatest bird diversity in the world, but its avian diversity is still underestimated, partially due to cryptic diversity. An accurate assessment of cryptic species is necessary in order to construct a comprehensive inventory and promote conservation of bird diversity in the Amazon. Here, we present the case of the Red-shouldered Tanager (Tachyphonus phoenicius Swainson, 1838), a bird specialized in Amazonian open vegetation and currently considered a monotypic taxon. An historical review of the taxon classification and analyses of morphology and genomic data provided robust evidences for at least two taxa within T. phoenicius. One of these taxa (T. phoenicius) is distributed in white-sand vegetation and other open vegetation types in the southern portion of the Amazon basin. Another taxon is recorded in similar habitats in the northern Amazon and currently no name is has been attributed to it. We propose to revalidate the taxon Tachyphonus saucius Strickland, 1844, to nominate the northern population of the Red-shouldered Tanager. Additionally, because the holotype of T. phoenicius is lost, we designed a neotype series of T. phoenicius to serve as reference for a more accurate classification of the species. The conservation status of T. saucius and T. phoenicius deserves attention since their geographic distribution overlaps with regions with high rates of deforestation and illegal mining. Our study demonstrates that taxonomic revisions of monotypic cryptic species are fundamental in order to characterize diversity patterns and assess the conservation status of Amazonian bird species.