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<p>A healthy environment and the production of nutritious food are dependent on healthy soils. Hence, we evaluated the yield traits, productivity, grain quality and water productivity of <i>basmati</i> rice in a sixteen-years (2006–07 to 2021–22) old organic production system. The experiment was conducted in a strip plot design (2 cropping systems × 7 organic nutrient management practices = 14 treatment combinations) with 3 replications during kharif 2021 and 2022. The vertical strip treatments were: <i>basmati</i> rice–wheat-mungbean (RWM) and <i>basmati</i> rice–wheat-<i>Sesbania</i> (RWS) cropping systems, while the horizontal strips comprised seven nutrient management options: control; farm yard manure (FYM); vermicompost (VC); FYM + crop residues (CR); VC + CR; FYM + CR + biofertilizers (BF); and VC + CR + BF. Statistical analyses were conducted using ANOVA and LSD at 5% level in SAS 9.3 software. The results of the study showed that yield attributes, yields, net returns, grain quality and water productivity (average of 2&#xa0;years) all were found statistically superior with the introduction of <i>Sesbania</i> green manure in the <i>basmati</i> rice-based system over the RWM system. Among the nutrient management practices, the highest average grain yield (5.43 t/ha) was obtained with VC + CR + BF, closely followed by FYM + CR + BF (5.26 t/ha), while the lowest was recorded in the control (3.03 t/ha). The integrated application of VC + CR + BF was the most profitable with 12.1–28.1% higher net returns over the sole application of organic manures. The highest grain protein concentration was observed in VC + CR + BF (8.30%) over other treatments. The irrigation water productivity was 12.3–14.2% higher with the integrated application of organic nutrient sources over their sole application. The interaction between cropping systems and different organic nutrient management practices was found statistically significant for yields, net returns, protein concentration, and water productivity of <i>basmati</i> rice. The study suggests that adding organic amendments either single or integrated applications improves the system's sustainability and resilience. Therefore, incorporation of <i>Sesbania</i> green manure along with the integrated application of organic manures, crop residues, and biofertilizers could be recommended as a sustainable organic strategy to enhance monetary returns, grain quality, water productivity, and long-term yield stability of basmati rice.</p>

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Agronomic performance, grain quality and water productivity of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sixteen years long-term organic production system

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Anita Kumawat,
  • Dinesh Kumar,
  • Y. S. Shivay,
  • Devideen Yadav,
  • M. Madhu,
  • Shakir Ali,
  • Sandeep Gawdiya,
  • Ashok Kumar,
  • Rahul Sadhukhan,
  • R. A. Jat

摘要

A healthy environment and the production of nutritious food are dependent on healthy soils. Hence, we evaluated the yield traits, productivity, grain quality and water productivity of basmati rice in a sixteen-years (2006–07 to 2021–22) old organic production system. The experiment was conducted in a strip plot design (2 cropping systems × 7 organic nutrient management practices = 14 treatment combinations) with 3 replications during kharif 2021 and 2022. The vertical strip treatments were: basmati rice–wheat-mungbean (RWM) and basmati rice–wheat-Sesbania (RWS) cropping systems, while the horizontal strips comprised seven nutrient management options: control; farm yard manure (FYM); vermicompost (VC); FYM + crop residues (CR); VC + CR; FYM + CR + biofertilizers (BF); and VC + CR + BF. Statistical analyses were conducted using ANOVA and LSD at 5% level in SAS 9.3 software. The results of the study showed that yield attributes, yields, net returns, grain quality and water productivity (average of 2 years) all were found statistically superior with the introduction of Sesbania green manure in the basmati rice-based system over the RWM system. Among the nutrient management practices, the highest average grain yield (5.43 t/ha) was obtained with VC + CR + BF, closely followed by FYM + CR + BF (5.26 t/ha), while the lowest was recorded in the control (3.03 t/ha). The integrated application of VC + CR + BF was the most profitable with 12.1–28.1% higher net returns over the sole application of organic manures. The highest grain protein concentration was observed in VC + CR + BF (8.30%) over other treatments. The irrigation water productivity was 12.3–14.2% higher with the integrated application of organic nutrient sources over their sole application. The interaction between cropping systems and different organic nutrient management practices was found statistically significant for yields, net returns, protein concentration, and water productivity of basmati rice. The study suggests that adding organic amendments either single or integrated applications improves the system's sustainability and resilience. Therefore, incorporation of Sesbania green manure along with the integrated application of organic manures, crop residues, and biofertilizers could be recommended as a sustainable organic strategy to enhance monetary returns, grain quality, water productivity, and long-term yield stability of basmati rice.