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<p>Antimicrobial resistance caused by antibiotic contamination is a major health issue, yet the mechanisms of antibiotic diffusion are poorly known, notably in the presence of colloids. Here we studied the movement of norfloxacin mixed with pyrogenic carbon colloids through sand columns with 50 v% or 100 v% water saturation, at acidic pH of 4.2, neutral pH of 7.4, and alkaline pH of 10.5, using batch adsorption, column transport, and colloid stability analyses based on particle size and zeta potential. Prior to injection, pyrogenic carbon colloids were pre-equilibrated with 1 and 15&#xa0;mg/L norfloxacin solutions. Results show that, at acidic pH, norfloxacin and pyrogenic carbon colloids were retained in the column, possibly by colloid aggregation due to reduced surface charge. At neutral pH and 1&#xa0;mg/L norfloxacin, all norfloxacin passed through the column in the form of colloid-bound norfloxacin, with a mass recovery of 102.0 w% norfloxacin in the effluent. By contrast, at 15&#xa0;mg/L norfloxacin, most colloid-bound norfloxacin was retained in the column, and only 1.9 w% of norfloxacin was recovered in the effluent. At alkaline pH, carbon colloids and norfloxacin were co-transported, as a possible result of electrostatic repulsion. Water saturation had no effect on the transport behavior.</p>

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Effect of pH, concentration and water saturation on the movement of norfloxacin adsorbed on carbon colloids in sand columns

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Jingqi Wu,
  • Shijia Li,
  • Tao Hu,
  • Zhixiong Li,
  • Sabry M. Shaheen,
  • Jörg Rinklebe,
  • Jiawei Chen

摘要

Antimicrobial resistance caused by antibiotic contamination is a major health issue, yet the mechanisms of antibiotic diffusion are poorly known, notably in the presence of colloids. Here we studied the movement of norfloxacin mixed with pyrogenic carbon colloids through sand columns with 50 v% or 100 v% water saturation, at acidic pH of 4.2, neutral pH of 7.4, and alkaline pH of 10.5, using batch adsorption, column transport, and colloid stability analyses based on particle size and zeta potential. Prior to injection, pyrogenic carbon colloids were pre-equilibrated with 1 and 15 mg/L norfloxacin solutions. Results show that, at acidic pH, norfloxacin and pyrogenic carbon colloids were retained in the column, possibly by colloid aggregation due to reduced surface charge. At neutral pH and 1 mg/L norfloxacin, all norfloxacin passed through the column in the form of colloid-bound norfloxacin, with a mass recovery of 102.0 w% norfloxacin in the effluent. By contrast, at 15 mg/L norfloxacin, most colloid-bound norfloxacin was retained in the column, and only 1.9 w% of norfloxacin was recovered in the effluent. At alkaline pH, carbon colloids and norfloxacin were co-transported, as a possible result of electrostatic repulsion. Water saturation had no effect on the transport behavior.