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<p>Carbon neutral energies and fine chemicals are urgently needed in the context of the accelerating global warming and associated extreme weather events. Here we review the conversion of biomass into fuels and chemical compounds with focus on biomass properties, mechanisms of biomass thermal decomposition, bio-oil composition and generation, reactor types, pyrolytic classifications, pyrolysis of pure biomass components, and pyrolysis of wood. The main biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, are determined by the Van Soest protocol. Biomass decomposition can be explained by the one-step global mechanism, independent competitive or parallel reactions, the multi-component mechanism, the Broido-Shafizadeh scheme, the secondary tar cracking model and the Ranzi scheme. Pyrolysis can be classified into slow, intermediate, fast, and flash pyrolysis. Reactors comprise fixed bed-, fluidized bed- and multistage reactors.</p>

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Biomass pyrolysis to produce hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oil and char: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月26日

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  • Mira Abou Rjeily,
  • Cédric Gennequin,
  • Jaona Harifidy Randrianalisoa

摘要

Carbon neutral energies and fine chemicals are urgently needed in the context of the accelerating global warming and associated extreme weather events. Here we review the conversion of biomass into fuels and chemical compounds with focus on biomass properties, mechanisms of biomass thermal decomposition, bio-oil composition and generation, reactor types, pyrolytic classifications, pyrolysis of pure biomass components, and pyrolysis of wood. The main biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, are determined by the Van Soest protocol. Biomass decomposition can be explained by the one-step global mechanism, independent competitive or parallel reactions, the multi-component mechanism, the Broido-Shafizadeh scheme, the secondary tar cracking model and the Ranzi scheme. Pyrolysis can be classified into slow, intermediate, fast, and flash pyrolysis. Reactors comprise fixed bed-, fluidized bed- and multistage reactors.