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<p>By late 2024, several IGS Analysis Centers (ACs) have begun providing both orbit and clock estimates for the 24:00 epoch in their products to address the day-boundary discontinuity (DBD) issue. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the DBDs in GNSS orbit, clock and code/phase bias products from four IGS ACs (CODE, GFZ, JPL and WUM), and examines their impact on positioning and time transfer applications. By analyzing one month of IGS products, we find that CODE final orbit products exhibited the smallest radial DBDs, averaging to 3.6&#xa0;mm for GPS and 3.4&#xa0;mm for Galileo. Meanwhile, WUM rapid clock and bias products achieved the lowest integer clock DBDs, with averages of 6.0 ps for GPS and 5.4 ps for Galileo. Across-day PPP/PPP-AR experiments demonstrated that WUM products enabled the most accurate positioning, with position DBDs below 0.3&#xa0;cm in the east and north directions and approximately 0.5&#xa0;cm in the up. Time and frequency transfer validation further highlighted the stability of WUM products, reducing mean absolute receiver clock DBDs from maximal 91.48 ps to 8.43 ps for GPS and 10.90 ps for Galileo, outperforming other solutions. These findings emphasize the importance of aligned GNSS clock and code/phase bias products across day boundaries in enhancing the precision and stability for applications such as long-term positioning and atomic time scale maintenance.</p>

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Validating the IGS products in mitigating day-boundary discontinuities of kinematic positioning and time transfer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月16日

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  • Qiang Wen,
  • Jianghui Geng,
  • Yingda Deng,
  • Yahao Zhang

摘要

By late 2024, several IGS Analysis Centers (ACs) have begun providing both orbit and clock estimates for the 24:00 epoch in their products to address the day-boundary discontinuity (DBD) issue. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the DBDs in GNSS orbit, clock and code/phase bias products from four IGS ACs (CODE, GFZ, JPL and WUM), and examines their impact on positioning and time transfer applications. By analyzing one month of IGS products, we find that CODE final orbit products exhibited the smallest radial DBDs, averaging to 3.6 mm for GPS and 3.4 mm for Galileo. Meanwhile, WUM rapid clock and bias products achieved the lowest integer clock DBDs, with averages of 6.0 ps for GPS and 5.4 ps for Galileo. Across-day PPP/PPP-AR experiments demonstrated that WUM products enabled the most accurate positioning, with position DBDs below 0.3 cm in the east and north directions and approximately 0.5 cm in the up. Time and frequency transfer validation further highlighted the stability of WUM products, reducing mean absolute receiver clock DBDs from maximal 91.48 ps to 8.43 ps for GPS and 10.90 ps for Galileo, outperforming other solutions. These findings emphasize the importance of aligned GNSS clock and code/phase bias products across day boundaries in enhancing the precision and stability for applications such as long-term positioning and atomic time scale maintenance.