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<p>The BeiDou-3 global navigation satellite system utilizes the BeiDou Global Ionospheric delay correction Model (BDGIM) to characterize the variation and distribution of the global total electron content (TEC). With the onset of the 25th solar activity peak cycle, the performance of the BDGIM exhibited noticeable degradation during the period of August–September 2024. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel approach for calculating BDGIM coefficients using ionospheric occultation data from low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites (Fengyun-3 and Tianmu). We evaluate the BDGIM performance under different calculation solutions: LEO-F (4 Fengyun satellites), LEO-T (22 Tianmu satellites), LEO-FT (a combination of both satellite constellations), and BRDC (broadcasted by BeiDou). The performance of these solutions is comprehensively assessed from two perspectives: GIM TEC dominate and standard point positioning (SPP) position errors dominate. The results indicate that (1) The BDGIMs computed using the LEO-F, LEO-T, and LEO-FT solutions achieve lower RMS errors and higher PER values compared to the BRDC solution, with RMS reductions of 32.75%, 40.48%, and 43.69%, and PER improvements of 19.13%, 22.10%, and 23.46%, respectively. (2) Compared to the BRDC solution, the RMS of the 3D positioning errors for the LEO-F/LEO-T/LEO-FT solutions are decreased by 0.92&#xa0;m, 1.08&#xa0;m, and 1.11&#xa0;m, corresponding to relative reductions of 22.22%, 26.09%, and 26.81%, respectively. In conclusion, incorporating GNSS-LEO-based ionospheric occultation data significantly enhances the accuracy and stability of the BDGIM model in correcting ionospheric delays, while improving the global positioning accuracy of single-frequency receiver users.</p>

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Enhancing the BDGIM model for ionospheric delay correction using GNSS LEO occultation data during high solar activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月23日

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  • Haojie Liu,
  • Xingliang Huo,
  • Ting Zhang,
  • Yunbin Yuan,
  • Weihong Sun

摘要

The BeiDou-3 global navigation satellite system utilizes the BeiDou Global Ionospheric delay correction Model (BDGIM) to characterize the variation and distribution of the global total electron content (TEC). With the onset of the 25th solar activity peak cycle, the performance of the BDGIM exhibited noticeable degradation during the period of August–September 2024. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel approach for calculating BDGIM coefficients using ionospheric occultation data from low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites (Fengyun-3 and Tianmu). We evaluate the BDGIM performance under different calculation solutions: LEO-F (4 Fengyun satellites), LEO-T (22 Tianmu satellites), LEO-FT (a combination of both satellite constellations), and BRDC (broadcasted by BeiDou). The performance of these solutions is comprehensively assessed from two perspectives: GIM TEC dominate and standard point positioning (SPP) position errors dominate. The results indicate that (1) The BDGIMs computed using the LEO-F, LEO-T, and LEO-FT solutions achieve lower RMS errors and higher PER values compared to the BRDC solution, with RMS reductions of 32.75%, 40.48%, and 43.69%, and PER improvements of 19.13%, 22.10%, and 23.46%, respectively. (2) Compared to the BRDC solution, the RMS of the 3D positioning errors for the LEO-F/LEO-T/LEO-FT solutions are decreased by 0.92 m, 1.08 m, and 1.11 m, corresponding to relative reductions of 22.22%, 26.09%, and 26.81%, respectively. In conclusion, incorporating GNSS-LEO-based ionospheric occultation data significantly enhances the accuracy and stability of the BDGIM model in correcting ionospheric delays, while improving the global positioning accuracy of single-frequency receiver users.