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<p>Ionospheric scintillation presents significant challenges to the integrity of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, especially during periods of high solar activity. With the increasing availability of third-frequency signals from GNSS satellites, this study introduces two novel parameters: SOT (Standard Deviation of Time-Difference Phase Ionospheric Residual) and SOD (Standard Deviation of Double-Differenced Triple-Frequency Phase Residual) for monitoring and analyzing ionospheric scintillation using dual- and triple-frequency GNSS signals. Data from GNSS stations in the Faroe Islands, Norway, and Sweden during a geomagnetic storm on April 23–24, 2023 were utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of SOT and SOD against conventional ROTI and the phase scintillation index (σ<sub>ϕ</sub>). SOT demonstrated a high correlation with σ<sub>ϕ</sub> across most combinations (correlation coefficient up to 0.957), except for those involving signals highly sensitive to ionospheric effects. SOD consistently resembled σ<sub>ϕ,L5</sub>, with stable thresholds and distributions across stations and GNSS systems. Despite occasional user-segment errors, SOD effectively captured scintillation intensity and spatial distribution, underscoring its robustness. As the adoption of multi-frequency GNSS signals grows, SOD’s role in scintillation monitoring and mitigation is expected to become increasingly significant, offering critical insights for enhancing GNSS positioning accuracy under challenging conditions.</p>

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The use of triple-frequency GNSS parameters to monitor ionospheric scintillation in high-latitude regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月29日

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  • Chendong Li,
  • Gethin Wyn Roberts,
  • Dongsheng Zhao

摘要

Ionospheric scintillation presents significant challenges to the integrity of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, especially during periods of high solar activity. With the increasing availability of third-frequency signals from GNSS satellites, this study introduces two novel parameters: SOT (Standard Deviation of Time-Difference Phase Ionospheric Residual) and SOD (Standard Deviation of Double-Differenced Triple-Frequency Phase Residual) for monitoring and analyzing ionospheric scintillation using dual- and triple-frequency GNSS signals. Data from GNSS stations in the Faroe Islands, Norway, and Sweden during a geomagnetic storm on April 23–24, 2023 were utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of SOT and SOD against conventional ROTI and the phase scintillation index (σϕ). SOT demonstrated a high correlation with σϕ across most combinations (correlation coefficient up to 0.957), except for those involving signals highly sensitive to ionospheric effects. SOD consistently resembled σϕ,L5, with stable thresholds and distributions across stations and GNSS systems. Despite occasional user-segment errors, SOD effectively captured scintillation intensity and spatial distribution, underscoring its robustness. As the adoption of multi-frequency GNSS signals grows, SOD’s role in scintillation monitoring and mitigation is expected to become increasingly significant, offering critical insights for enhancing GNSS positioning accuracy under challenging conditions.