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<p>Precise orbit determination (POD) is of great importance for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites to perform scientific missions and enhance navigation. Traditionally, the reduced-dynamic method has been employed for LEO POD, absorbing mismodeled forces through the addition of empirical parameters. However, the addition of substantial empirical parameters reduces the dynamic nature of the orbit and inevitably increase the correlations among the parameters. Based on the parameter correlation analysis results, which indicated a strong correlation between the atmospheric drag scale factor and other parameters, the objective of this study is to impose more precise constraints on the drag scale factor to reduce the correlation among estimated parameters during the POD process, thereby enhancing the accuracy of LEO satellite orbit. Initially, a six-month statistical analysis was conducted to derive the initial value function and determine the appropriate constraints for the drag scale factor. By empirically constraining the atmospheric drag scale factor during the estimation process, a notable enhancement in the POD performance for five LEO satellites is achieved. The results show that the overall parameter correlation within the POD process is notably reduced, especially the correlation between the LEO position parameters and other empirical parameters. Compared to the precise science orbit, an accuracy improvement of 0.4–0.6&#xa0;mm is achieved in the along-track, while an improvement of 0.2–0.4&#xa0;mm is achieved in the radial direction. Additionally, notable enhancements are observed in the day-boundary discontinuities and prediction accuracy, the benefit is significant in the along-track and radial directions. Validation through satellite laser ranging (SLR) reveals a better performance, with mean values closer to zero and smaller standard deviation compared to traditional method. The findings demonstrate the remarkable performance of the LEO POD with empirically constraining the atmospheric drag scale factor, which provides substantial support for LEO satellites in performing scientific missions and enhancing navigation.</p>

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Enhancing LEO orbit determination and prediction through constraints on atmospheric drag scale factor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月16日

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  • Haonan She,
  • Guanwen Huang,
  • Le Wang,
  • Wen Lai,
  • Shichao Xie

摘要

Precise orbit determination (POD) is of great importance for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites to perform scientific missions and enhance navigation. Traditionally, the reduced-dynamic method has been employed for LEO POD, absorbing mismodeled forces through the addition of empirical parameters. However, the addition of substantial empirical parameters reduces the dynamic nature of the orbit and inevitably increase the correlations among the parameters. Based on the parameter correlation analysis results, which indicated a strong correlation between the atmospheric drag scale factor and other parameters, the objective of this study is to impose more precise constraints on the drag scale factor to reduce the correlation among estimated parameters during the POD process, thereby enhancing the accuracy of LEO satellite orbit. Initially, a six-month statistical analysis was conducted to derive the initial value function and determine the appropriate constraints for the drag scale factor. By empirically constraining the atmospheric drag scale factor during the estimation process, a notable enhancement in the POD performance for five LEO satellites is achieved. The results show that the overall parameter correlation within the POD process is notably reduced, especially the correlation between the LEO position parameters and other empirical parameters. Compared to the precise science orbit, an accuracy improvement of 0.4–0.6 mm is achieved in the along-track, while an improvement of 0.2–0.4 mm is achieved in the radial direction. Additionally, notable enhancements are observed in the day-boundary discontinuities and prediction accuracy, the benefit is significant in the along-track and radial directions. Validation through satellite laser ranging (SLR) reveals a better performance, with mean values closer to zero and smaller standard deviation compared to traditional method. The findings demonstrate the remarkable performance of the LEO POD with empirically constraining the atmospheric drag scale factor, which provides substantial support for LEO satellites in performing scientific missions and enhancing navigation.