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<p>This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated associations of molar interradicular distance (IRD) and tooth angulation with clinical and radiographic indicators of periodontitis severity in 316 patients. IRD at the cemento-enamel junction (R0), mid-root (R1), and apical third (R2), along with premolar-molar (<i>α</i>) and molar-molar (<i>β</i>) angulation, bone loss (BL), horizontal and vertical furcation bone loss (h-BL and v-BL), and bone-loss pattern, were measured by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models adjusted for age, sex, and plaque index (PI) and accounted for within-patient clustering of tooth-level observations. Mandibular molars had wider IRD at all three levels and greater <i>β</i> than maxillary molars (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In the maxilla, wider R0 and R2 were associated with greater distal clinical attachment loss (CAL) of first molars, whereas R0-R2 were positively associated with mesial probing depth (PD) of second molars (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). <i>β</i> showed negative associations with maxillary CAL and mesial bleeding on probing (BOP) of second molars (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In the mandible, wider R0-R2 were associated with greater distal PD and CAL of first molars (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and <i>β</i> was positively associated with distal CAL of first molars (<i>p</i> = 0.005). Wider R0 and R2 were also associated with greater distal BL in maxillary first molars (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01); R0 was associated with v-BL and a vertical bone-loss pattern in maxillary first molars, whereas R0 and R1 were associated with a vertical bone-loss pattern in mandibular first molars (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Overall, IRD and molar angulation showed heterogeneous, site-specific associations with clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters. These cross-sectional findings support interpreting IRD and angulation as adjunctive anatomical correlates of local disease expression rather than primary etiologic determinants or stand-alone predictors of periodontitis.</p>

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Association of molar interradicular distance and angulation with periodontal disease severity: a cross-sectional study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Yan Wang,
  • Kun Wang,
  • Chuyi Jin,
  • Mengyao Ding,
  • Yifan Xie,
  • Xiaohang Xu,
  • Yunnan Jin,
  • Lipei Liu,
  • Xing Chen,
  • Qiang Chen,
  • Cheng Ding

摘要

This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated associations of molar interradicular distance (IRD) and tooth angulation with clinical and radiographic indicators of periodontitis severity in 316 patients. IRD at the cemento-enamel junction (R0), mid-root (R1), and apical third (R2), along with premolar-molar (α) and molar-molar (β) angulation, bone loss (BL), horizontal and vertical furcation bone loss (h-BL and v-BL), and bone-loss pattern, were measured by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models adjusted for age, sex, and plaque index (PI) and accounted for within-patient clustering of tooth-level observations. Mandibular molars had wider IRD at all three levels and greater β than maxillary molars (all p < 0.001). In the maxilla, wider R0 and R2 were associated with greater distal clinical attachment loss (CAL) of first molars, whereas R0-R2 were positively associated with mesial probing depth (PD) of second molars (all p < 0.05). β showed negative associations with maxillary CAL and mesial bleeding on probing (BOP) of second molars (p < 0.05). In the mandible, wider R0-R2 were associated with greater distal PD and CAL of first molars (all p < 0.05), and β was positively associated with distal CAL of first molars (p = 0.005). Wider R0 and R2 were also associated with greater distal BL in maxillary first molars (p < 0.01); R0 was associated with v-BL and a vertical bone-loss pattern in maxillary first molars, whereas R0 and R1 were associated with a vertical bone-loss pattern in mandibular first molars (p < 0.05). Overall, IRD and molar angulation showed heterogeneous, site-specific associations with clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters. These cross-sectional findings support interpreting IRD and angulation as adjunctive anatomical correlates of local disease expression rather than primary etiologic determinants or stand-alone predictors of periodontitis.