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<p>The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of experimental varnishes containing theaflavin (TF-2a/2b) against erosive demineralization and matrix metalloproteinase enzymes (MMPs) and investigate the bonding properties of TFs to MMPs. Enamel and dentin samples, measuring 3 × 5 × 2&#xa0;mm, were extracted and immersed in citric acid solution for 60&#xa0;s to induce artificial erosive lesions. The samples were then randomly allocated into six experimental groups and one control (fluoride) group (<i>n</i> = 6). Experimental groups were treated with different varnish formulations of resin-, polymer-, or resin + polymer-based varnishes containing either TF-2a or TF-2b. Following immersion in artificial saliva, all samples were subjected to a 5-min pH cycle for 5&#xa0;days. Mineral density (MD) values were assessed using MicroCT, and expression levels of MMPs were evaluated by Western Blot. In silico analyses of both TFs were conducted against MMP-2 and MMP-9. Mineral density values of all groups increased significantly following the pH cycle [TF-2b resin + polymer-based (<i>p</i> = 0.023); all other groups (<i>p</i> = 0.026)]. Varnishes based on TF-2b demonstrated numerically superior results in MD scores, but resin-polymer-based TF-2a showed better MMP expressions than other groups. The binding energies of both tested TFs with MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined to be similar. Profile analysis of both TFs are also indicated to be effective against the activity of MMPs. Therefore, resin-based TF-2a and TF-2b experimental varnishes may serve as viable natural alternatives to fluorides in managing dental erosion.</p>

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Efficacy of theaflavin-based dental varnishes against erosive demineralizatıon and matrix metalloproteinase expression

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月23日

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  • G. Ozan,
  • H. Sar Sancakli,
  • S. Batu,
  • A. Gurbuz Yurtsever,
  • M. S. Erdal,
  • A. Sengelen,
  • E. Onay Ucar,
  • S. Ozel Yildiz,
  • B. Bicak,
  • S. Kecel Gunduz

摘要

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of experimental varnishes containing theaflavin (TF-2a/2b) against erosive demineralization and matrix metalloproteinase enzymes (MMPs) and investigate the bonding properties of TFs to MMPs. Enamel and dentin samples, measuring 3 × 5 × 2 mm, were extracted and immersed in citric acid solution for 60 s to induce artificial erosive lesions. The samples were then randomly allocated into six experimental groups and one control (fluoride) group (n = 6). Experimental groups were treated with different varnish formulations of resin-, polymer-, or resin + polymer-based varnishes containing either TF-2a or TF-2b. Following immersion in artificial saliva, all samples were subjected to a 5-min pH cycle for 5 days. Mineral density (MD) values were assessed using MicroCT, and expression levels of MMPs were evaluated by Western Blot. In silico analyses of both TFs were conducted against MMP-2 and MMP-9. Mineral density values of all groups increased significantly following the pH cycle [TF-2b resin + polymer-based (p = 0.023); all other groups (p = 0.026)]. Varnishes based on TF-2b demonstrated numerically superior results in MD scores, but resin-polymer-based TF-2a showed better MMP expressions than other groups. The binding energies of both tested TFs with MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined to be similar. Profile analysis of both TFs are also indicated to be effective against the activity of MMPs. Therefore, resin-based TF-2a and TF-2b experimental varnishes may serve as viable natural alternatives to fluorides in managing dental erosion.