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<p>The rapid expansion of raft aquaculture has raised concerns regarding its hydrodynamic impacts and ecological sustainability. Using the Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) with an enhanced dual-drag parameterization, we investigated large-scale raft aquaculture in the open waters of Zhangzi Island, China. Simulations show that floating rafts substantially reduce current velocities across surface, mid-, and bottom layers, with the strongest attenuation at the surface (30~51%) and measurable effects extending beyond the farming zones. Mid-depth u-component velocities occasionally exceed the no-raft scenario, reflecting lateral diversion and the formation of bypass flows and acceleration corridors along raft flanks, generating pronounced open-water anisotropy. Model calibration yielded a surface drag coefficient (CDS = 0.015), consistent with reported values for other regions. Residual currents exhibit a spatial pattern characterized by stronger flow near the coast and weaker flow offshore. Aquaculture rafts primarily reduce surface residual currents, with limited impact on bottom currents, and tracer concentration fields show clear differences between the raft and non-raft scenarios. These findings demonstrate that raft aquaculture not only attenuates tidal currents but also reorganizes flow structure and material transport in open waters, providing critical insights for sustainable aquaculture planning.</p>

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Hydrodynamic impacts of floating-raft aquaculture in the northern yellow sea: modeling and field experiments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Xiaomeng Fu,
  • Jie Tian,
  • Ming Li,
  • Yuan Zhang,
  • Junru Guo,
  • Jun Song,
  • Yang Ding,
  • Congcong Bi

摘要

The rapid expansion of raft aquaculture has raised concerns regarding its hydrodynamic impacts and ecological sustainability. Using the Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) with an enhanced dual-drag parameterization, we investigated large-scale raft aquaculture in the open waters of Zhangzi Island, China. Simulations show that floating rafts substantially reduce current velocities across surface, mid-, and bottom layers, with the strongest attenuation at the surface (30~51%) and measurable effects extending beyond the farming zones. Mid-depth u-component velocities occasionally exceed the no-raft scenario, reflecting lateral diversion and the formation of bypass flows and acceleration corridors along raft flanks, generating pronounced open-water anisotropy. Model calibration yielded a surface drag coefficient (CDS = 0.015), consistent with reported values for other regions. Residual currents exhibit a spatial pattern characterized by stronger flow near the coast and weaker flow offshore. Aquaculture rafts primarily reduce surface residual currents, with limited impact on bottom currents, and tracer concentration fields show clear differences between the raft and non-raft scenarios. These findings demonstrate that raft aquaculture not only attenuates tidal currents but also reorganizes flow structure and material transport in open waters, providing critical insights for sustainable aquaculture planning.