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<p>The present study focuses on the Quality Control (QC) and analysis of tide gauge water-level data collected along the Indian coastline. A network of 36 state-of-the-art tide gauge stations was established by the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) at strategic coastal locations to monitor tsunami wave propagation, validate ocean model outputs, and assess long-term sea-level trends. These gauges continuously record sea level, providing essential inputs for operational oceanography and improving our understanding of coastal ocean dynamics. The present work details the data processing and QC procedures implemented for the entire 36-station network, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the observations. Multiple QC tests including spike detection, out-of-control checks, outlier identification, buddy or neighbourhood comparison, and time-sequence checks were developed and applied. As a case study, the QC methodology was evaluated for two representative stations, Visakhapatnam (east coast) and Cochin (west coast) covering the period (2011–2024) and is intended for implementation across the full network. Using the quality-controlled dataset, 96% of observations passed QC tests, 4% were flagged, and 29.2% of records were missing across the network. Further analyses were conducted to investigate major oceanographic events, including cyclones and swell surges, particularly at the Cochin station. The results reveal significant water-level variations during cyclone periods, evident in both observed and residual components, providing valuable insights into storm-surge dynamics. Additionally, abrupt residual changes corresponding to tsunami and swell-surge signals demonstrate the importance of tide gauge observations in early warning systems and operational oceanography.</p>

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Analysis and quality control of tide gauge data: Case studies on cyclone and swell surge events over the Indian ocean

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月18日

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  • Suneeta P. ,
  • Udaya Bhaskar T V S,
  • Venkat Shesu Reddem,
  • Anuradha M.,
  • Pattabhi Rama Rao E

摘要

The present study focuses on the Quality Control (QC) and analysis of tide gauge water-level data collected along the Indian coastline. A network of 36 state-of-the-art tide gauge stations was established by the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) at strategic coastal locations to monitor tsunami wave propagation, validate ocean model outputs, and assess long-term sea-level trends. These gauges continuously record sea level, providing essential inputs for operational oceanography and improving our understanding of coastal ocean dynamics. The present work details the data processing and QC procedures implemented for the entire 36-station network, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the observations. Multiple QC tests including spike detection, out-of-control checks, outlier identification, buddy or neighbourhood comparison, and time-sequence checks were developed and applied. As a case study, the QC methodology was evaluated for two representative stations, Visakhapatnam (east coast) and Cochin (west coast) covering the period (2011–2024) and is intended for implementation across the full network. Using the quality-controlled dataset, 96% of observations passed QC tests, 4% were flagged, and 29.2% of records were missing across the network. Further analyses were conducted to investigate major oceanographic events, including cyclones and swell surges, particularly at the Cochin station. The results reveal significant water-level variations during cyclone periods, evident in both observed and residual components, providing valuable insights into storm-surge dynamics. Additionally, abrupt residual changes corresponding to tsunami and swell-surge signals demonstrate the importance of tide gauge observations in early warning systems and operational oceanography.