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<p>The performance of the third-generation wave model SWAN is evaluated for an open ocean, South Atlantic Ocean (SAO). Satellite data from Jason-2 in 2015-year are used to provide the assessment of the modelled significant wave heights over the entire ocean. A series of sensitivity tests were conducted to assess the quality of CFSv2 and ERA5 winds in driving SWAN model, as well as to gauge the contributions of sea swells from North Atlantic and Southeast Pacific oceans, and the influence of sea ice near Antarctic on the simulations. The accuracy of wave height prediction is further tested using four wind input and whitecapping dissipation term packages: KOM, JANS, WESTH, and ST6. Additionally, three swell dissipation parameterizations were considered: ARD, ROG, and ZIE. Results indicate that the ERA5 winds outperform the CFSv2 winds, showing lower mean error (<i>ME</i>), higher correlation coefficient (<i>R</i>), and smaller root mean square error (<i>RMSE</i>) and scatter index (<i>SI</i>) for both wind speed and wave height predictions. Compared to JANS, KOM and WESTH, the default settings ST6 yields the best performance, with predicted wave heights having <i>ME</i>, <i>RMSE</i>, <i>SI</i>, and <i>R</i> values of 0.052&#xa0;m, 0.342&#xa0;m, 0.129, and 0.964, respectively. For swell dissipation parameterizations, ARD and ROG distinguish between laminar and turbulent dissipation, and thus well capture the significant differences in how swells dissipate at various latitudes. In contrast, ZIE includes swell dissipation plus negative wind input; while considering negative wind input has an effect similar to enhancing swell dissipation, its response to latitude variation is less pronounced compared to ARD and ROG. These assessments provide guidance for selecting the combination of ST6 + ARD in SWAN forced with ERA5 winds for the SAO wave simulation.</p>

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On the capability of SWAN model for South Atlantic Ocean wave simulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月21日

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  • Hongjun Zhao,
  • Peixian Chen,
  • Wanwei Zhang,
  • Shichang Yan,
  • Jie Yang,
  • Jun Kong

摘要

The performance of the third-generation wave model SWAN is evaluated for an open ocean, South Atlantic Ocean (SAO). Satellite data from Jason-2 in 2015-year are used to provide the assessment of the modelled significant wave heights over the entire ocean. A series of sensitivity tests were conducted to assess the quality of CFSv2 and ERA5 winds in driving SWAN model, as well as to gauge the contributions of sea swells from North Atlantic and Southeast Pacific oceans, and the influence of sea ice near Antarctic on the simulations. The accuracy of wave height prediction is further tested using four wind input and whitecapping dissipation term packages: KOM, JANS, WESTH, and ST6. Additionally, three swell dissipation parameterizations were considered: ARD, ROG, and ZIE. Results indicate that the ERA5 winds outperform the CFSv2 winds, showing lower mean error (ME), higher correlation coefficient (R), and smaller root mean square error (RMSE) and scatter index (SI) for both wind speed and wave height predictions. Compared to JANS, KOM and WESTH, the default settings ST6 yields the best performance, with predicted wave heights having ME, RMSE, SI, and R values of 0.052 m, 0.342 m, 0.129, and 0.964, respectively. For swell dissipation parameterizations, ARD and ROG distinguish between laminar and turbulent dissipation, and thus well capture the significant differences in how swells dissipate at various latitudes. In contrast, ZIE includes swell dissipation plus negative wind input; while considering negative wind input has an effect similar to enhancing swell dissipation, its response to latitude variation is less pronounced compared to ARD and ROG. These assessments provide guidance for selecting the combination of ST6 + ARD in SWAN forced with ERA5 winds for the SAO wave simulation.