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<p>The sand tiger shark (<i>Carcharias taurus</i>) is a coastal lamniform that inhabits subtropical and temperate waters worldwide. Although the distribution of <i>C. taurus</i> in Japan is currently limited to the Ogasawara Islands, this species was once distributed widely along the southwestern coast of the Japanese mainland. Here, we performed radiocarbon dating and partial mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing from a prehistoric <i>C. taurus</i> tooth excavated from the Shirahama shell-mound (Late Jomon–Yayoi periods), Goto Islands, to reveal the genetic information of the disappeared western Japanese population. The sample age was estimated at 1684–1307 cal BC, and the mtDNA haplotype was identical to that in the contemporary Western Australian population but not in the contemporary Japanese population. This study provides the oldest DNA sequence among chondrichthyans to date and sheds new light on the disappeared Japanese mainland population of this species.</p>

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A sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus) excavated from a prehistoric site in the Goto Islands provides insight into the genetic background of the disappeared Japanese mainland population

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Xiaochan Yan,
  • Masayuki Nakamura,
  • Hiroyuki Kitagawa,
  • Takushi Kishida

摘要

The sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus) is a coastal lamniform that inhabits subtropical and temperate waters worldwide. Although the distribution of C. taurus in Japan is currently limited to the Ogasawara Islands, this species was once distributed widely along the southwestern coast of the Japanese mainland. Here, we performed radiocarbon dating and partial mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing from a prehistoric C. taurus tooth excavated from the Shirahama shell-mound (Late Jomon–Yayoi periods), Goto Islands, to reveal the genetic information of the disappeared western Japanese population. The sample age was estimated at 1684–1307 cal BC, and the mtDNA haplotype was identical to that in the contemporary Western Australian population but not in the contemporary Japanese population. This study provides the oldest DNA sequence among chondrichthyans to date and sheds new light on the disappeared Japanese mainland population of this species.