Evaluating inclusivity and accessibility in digital transport services: insights from the INDIMO service evaluation tool (SET)
摘要
In an era where digitalization is transforming mobility, ensuring fair access to digital transport services is crucial. This paper evaluates the inclusivity of various digital transport services using the INDIMO Service Evaluation Tool (SET). Developed through a co-creation process and grounded in Universal Design principles, the SET expands the framework by integrating 'social, spatial, and economic inclusivity' and 'security and data protection' to address accessibility in the digital context. It employs a self-assessment questionnaire with quantitative metrics and provides tailored recommendations for service improvements. Five digital transport services were evaluated by 16 experts in accessibility and mobility, including developers, operators, and policymakers. The services assessed were multimodal route planning (Citymapper), car-sharing (Cambio), ride-sharing (BlaBlaCar), food delivery (Uber Eats), and parcel lockers (Bpost lockers). The results revealed significant variability in inclusivity scores. Cambio scored highest (71%), reflecting strong implementation of Universal Design principles and user assistance, while Uber Eats and BlaBlaCar scored lowest due to deficiencies in service features and support for vulnerable users. Despite high Universal Design scores, barriers such as limited payment options, inadequate feedback mechanisms, and insufficient support persist. A clarity assessment confirmed the SET’s understandability for practitioners. Common barriers across services include insufficient privacy information, poor user-developer communication, and a lack of adaptable designs, disproportionately affecting users with disabilities, older adults, and those with limited digital skills. This research emphasizes bridging the gap between inclusive design concepts and practical implementation. By enhancing Universal Design with broader inclusivity dimensions, the SET advances equitable access to digital transport services, promoting accessibility for all users.